【作者简介】陆兵哲 北京大学社会学系

【文章来源】《社会》2024年第2期

【内容提要】空间规划远非一项纯粹科学主义的技术实践。已有研究沿着科层组织关系和“国家—社会”关系的理论视角揭示了空间规划在中国社会中的复杂性，然而对城乡关系的忽视使既有的研究路径难以解释空间规划在中国快速城镇化中的独特社会意涵。本文以一个规划变迁中的郊区农村为案例，发现在城镇化推进过程所形塑的城乡关系下，空间规划衍生出农村社会空间的隐性基础设施化、规划行动过程对城乡管理制度的超越、规划确定性的城乡不对称分布等社会机制。这些机制是空间规划这一专业化实践的不同性质在特定城乡结构情境下的产物，它使面临规划的农村在利益博弈或基层抗争之外，倾向于寻求一种机会主义的适应策略。最终，空间规划与城乡关系实现了相互再生产，成为地方城镇化实践链条的一部分。

【关 键 词】空间规划, 城乡关系, 城市规划, 城镇化

【基金项目】本研究获北京大学社会学系田字格农村问题研究项目资助计划和“深度理解中国”博士生学术交流项目资助。

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I2/98

Urbanization，Spatial Planning and Reproduction of Urban-Rural Relationship: A Case Study of a Suburban Village in China

Abstract: Spatial planning is not merely a technology-led scientific practice, but also a social undertaking. There have been two research approaches in social sciences that reveal the social dynamics of planning: one is to use the framework of interest politics to explore the inter-governmental negotiations in planning formulation； and the other is to examine the interplay between the state and society in planning based on the paradigm of contentious politics. Both explanations, focusing either on the intra-bureaucracy relationship or on the state-society relationship， have neglected the urban-rural dimension of planning， making it difficult to capture the unique social dynamics arising from planning practices in the context of rapid urbanization in contemporary China. This paper proposes an explanatory framework that emphasizes the embeddedness of planning in the urban-rural relationship structure shaped by urban transformation. Based on the case of a suburban village in eastern China， this study finds that whether in conservation or development planning， rural areas are in a dual hierarchical structure consisting of an administrative hierarchy between government levels and a territorial hierarchy between the urban and the rural. This unique urban-rural situation， combined with the overall comprehensiveness of planning itself， process practicality， and future-orientated characteristics of spatial planning itself， results in three social mechanisms of planning including the implicit infrastructuralization of rural spaces， the transcendence of planning power over land systems， and the asymmetric distribution of planning certainty. Consequently， villages under planning tend to employ opportunist adaptive strategies rather than engage in power negotiations or social actions. By outlining the urban-rural dynamics in Chinese spatial planning， this paper reveals the reciprocal reproduction of planning and the urban-rural structure in contemporary China， thereby explaining how spacial planning becomes part of the repertoire of Chinese state-led urbanization.

Key words: spatial planning, urban-rural relations, urban planning, urbanization