【作者简介】李培林，中国社会科学院大学社会与民族学院

【文章来源】《社会学研究》2026年第4期

【内容提要】费孝通社区研究方法论的演进脉络是理解中国社会学探索中国式现代化道路和构建自主知识体系的一个重要窗口。从《江村经济》对乡村工业化发轫“原型”的塑造，到《云南三村》及后续研究对“类型谱系”的构建与比较，再到费孝通晚年对中华民族多元一体格局和文化自觉的宏观思考，费孝通对社区研究的理解始终贯穿着一种“从实求知”“志在富民”并致力于从具体个案走向“真实整体”的方法论自觉。这一方法论不仅在认真回应相关质疑和批评中持续深化，而且为认识中国这样一个巨型复杂社会的现代化路径提供了重要的分析框架。在推进中国式现代化的当代实践中，费孝通的社区方法论依然具有启示意义。

【关键词】社区研究；方法论；原型；类型谱系；真实整体

【项目基金】本文为中国社会科学院李培林学部委员工作室阶段性成果。

【全文链接】https://shxyj.ajcass.com/Magazine/show/?id=123238

The Construction of Autonomous Knowledge System of Chinese Sociology From Jiangcun Village to Chinese Modernization: The Lineage of Fei Xiaotong’s Community Studies and Its Contemporary Implications

Abstract: The evolution of Fei Xiaotong’s methodology in community studies offers an important window for understanding how Chinese sociology has explored the path to Chinese modernization and constructed an independent knowledge system. From the shaping of the ‘archetype’ of rural industrialization in Peasant Life in China, to the construction and comparison of the ‘typological spectrum’ in Three Villages in Yunnan and subsequent studies, and finally to his late-career macro-level reflections on the pattern of diversity in unity of the Chinese nation and cultural consciousness, Fei’s understanding of community studies consistently reflects a methodological awareness of ‘seeking knowledge from reality,’ ‘aspiring to benefit the people,’ and striving to move from concrete cases toward a ‘real whole.’ This methodology not only deepened through serious engagement with critiques and questions but also provided a crucial analytical framework for understanding the modernization pathways of a giant and complex society like China. In the contemporary practice of advancing Chinese modernization, Fei Xiaotong’s methodology in community studies continues to hold significant implications.