【作者简介】周雪光，斯坦福大学社会学系

【文章来源】《社会学研究》2024年第4期

【内容提要】费孝通先生提出的差序格局概念描述了中国社会的一种基础性社会关系结构。本文的目标是将“差序格局”提炼和建构为一个具有分析力的理想类型，从自我中心、身份基础和亲疏有别等三个特征的整体性意义上刻画和阐释一种特定的组织机制。本文提出，差序格局植根于传统宗族（家族）制度，泛化为拟家族制度的表现形式，为在中国社会中处理人际关系和组织起来提供了重要的文化资源。差序格局与其他中心概念（如科层制、家产官僚制、家国主义等）既有鲜明对比又有密切关联，为社会组织方式和制度的比较研究提供了一个有益的概念工具。

【关键词】差序格局；组织机制；文化资源；家产制；理想类型

【全文链接】https://shxyj.ajcass.com/Magazine/show/?id=96633

"Chaxu Geju”: The Construction of an Ideal Type as an Organizing Mechanism

Abstract: Sociologist Fei Xiaotong (1992) developed the concept of Chaxu Geju - " the differential mode of association" - to depict a distinctive mode of social relationship in Chinese society. In this study, I reconstruct this concept into a sociological ideal type, with the analytical strength for interpreting and analyzing a distinctive organizing mechanism in Chinese culture. I propose that Chaxu Geju consists of three key elements: self-centered, identity-based, and differential treatment of others. I argue that chaxugeju is rooted in the traditional kinship institutions and extended to other areas in the form of generalized kinship relationships. It provides important cultural resources to dealing with interpersonal relationships in, and the organization of, Chinese Society. As an ideal type, Chaxu Geju is closely related to, and distinguished from, other key sociological concepts such as bureaucracy, bureaucratic patrimony, and family-nation isomorphism. As a result, Chaxu Geju provides an important analytical concept in comparative organizational and institutional analysis.