【作者简介】陈心想，中国社会科学院社会学研究所

【文章来源】《社会学研究》2026年第4期

【内容提要】以美国结构功能学派的兴起为个案，本研究从“三史交汇”的分析框架考察学派形成的历史条件、社会环境及其内在机制。结构功能学派的形成是学者能动地回应时代并进行理论创造的结果。美国社会学自身发展到一定阶段产生的新需求（学科史），美国及国际社会的政治经济发展状况（社会史），以及帕森斯、索罗金、默顿等学者的生命历程所塑造的学术实践（关键人生命史）共同推动结构功能学派形成了具有国际影响力的概念和理论体系。通过对结构功能学派兴起的知识社会学分析，本文可为立足中国社会实践、推进自主社会理论创新和构建中国学派提供借鉴与启示。

【关键词】结构功能学派；中国学派；知识生产；关键人

【项目基金】本研究为国家社会科学基金社科学术社团学术研究重点项目“自主知识体系视角下社会学本土化和标识性概念建构研究”（25SGB015）的阶段性成果。

【全文链接】https://shxyj.ajcass.com/Magazine/show/?id=123240

The Rise and Development of Schools of Thought: Patterns and Dynamics Examining the Formation of Academic Schools from the Perspective of the ‘Tripartite Histories Convergence’: Taking the Rise of the Structural-Functional School as an Example

Abstract: Taking the rise of the American Structural-Functional School as a case study, this research examines the historical conditions and social environment as well as the internal mechanisms of the formation of academic schools from the analytical framework of ‘Tripartite Histories Convergence.’ The formation of the Structural-Functional School is the result of scholars’ active response to the era and their theoretical creation. The new demands emerging from the development of American sociology at a certain stage (disciplinary history), the political and economic development of the United States and the international community (social history), and the academic practices shaped by the life courses of scholars such as Talcott Parsons, Pitirim Alexandrovitch Sorokin, and Robert K. Merton (life histories of key figures) jointly contributed to the formation of the internationally influential concepts and theoretical systems of the Structural-Functional School. Through a sociology-of-knowledge analysis of the rise of the Structural-Functional School, this paper can provide references and inspiration for grounding in Chinese social practices, advancing innovation in autonomous social theories, and constructing Chinese academic schools.