【作者简介】吴富兰，熊跃根，北京大学

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2026年第1期

【内容提要】本文系统梳理了阿兰·图海纳的行动社会学理论，聚焦其以“主体”为核心的社会行动观与社会变迁逻辑。首先，行动社会学将社会行动置于理论中心位置，视其为行动者重构社会意义与规范的创造性实践。其次，行动社会学阐释社会变迁的场域与动力，揭示集体主体通过社会性运动争夺历史质控制权、推动结构性变革的机制；同时提出“社会学干预”方法，以识别并催化集体行动的变革潜能。最后，面对全球化时代的现代性危机，行动社会学转向关注“主体化”机制，强调主体在抵抗异化、重建团结中的核心作用。由此，行动社会学构建了联结个体解放与社会转型的分析路径，不仅深化了对社会生成与变迁机制的认识，也为理解中国社会转型中主体性的迸发与新行动的涌现提供了重要理论参照。

【关键词】行动社会学 / 社会行动 / 历史质 / 主体化 / 社会变迁

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V14/I1/153

Reconstruction of Action and Return of the Subject: Theoretical Development and Reassessment of Alain Touraine’s Sociology of Action

Abstract: This paper examines Alain Touraine’s sociology of action, focusing on its conception of social action and the logic of social transformation centered on“the Subject”. First, the theory places social action at its core, viewing it as a creative practice through which actors reinterpret social meanings and norms. Second, it elucidates the field and dynamics of social transformation, outlining how collective subjects drive structural change through societal movements that contest control over historicity. Touraine further introduces“sociological intervention”as a method to identify and catalyze the transformative potential of collective action. Finally, addressing the crisis of modernity in the globalization era, the theory shifts to the mechanism of“subjectivation”, emphasizing the pivotal role of“the Subject”in resisting alienation and rebuilding solidarity. In this way, the sociology of action establishes an analytical link between individual emancipation and social transformation, which not only deepens our understanding of social generation and change, but also offers a significant theoretical reference for comprehending the surge of subjectivity and new forms of actions within China’s social transformation.