【作者简介】胡 开，杨发祥，华东理工大学社会与公共管理学院

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2025年第2期

【内容提要】本 文 利 用 2011-2018 年 中 国 健 康 与 养 老 追 踪 调 查（CHARLS）数据和 PM2.5 卫星遥感数据，分析空气污染与中老年健康之间的关系，并探讨城市优势论和城市劣势论两个竞争性理论对中国城乡环境健康不平等的解释。研究发现，空气污染对中老年健康具有显著影响，且呈现出明显的城乡差异：与农业户口居民相比，非农居民在认知健康方面受空气污染的影响较小，但在多重患病方面受到的影响较大；此外，农村-城市流动人口相对于城市居民在多重患病方面所受到的影响也相对较小。也就是说，城市优势论和城市劣势论都无法完全解释中国环境健康效应的城乡差异；理解当代中国社会环境健康不平等的城乡差异，必须细致考察和比较城乡之间的资源转化以及社会变迁过程中所出现的各种影响因素。

【关键词】空气污染 / 中老年健康 / 城乡差异 / 健康优势/劣势理论 / 流动人口

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V13/I2/29

Rural-Urban Differences in the Relationship between Air Pollution and Health Outcomes among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study Based on CHARLS and Remote Sensing Data

Abstract: This study examines which of two competing theories,“urban advantage theory”and“urban penalty theory”, can better explain the rural-urban differences in environmental health inequality in China and the possible relations between air pollution and the middle-aged and elder’s health, through the 2011-2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study（CHARLS）and PM2.5 concentration retrieved from remote-sensing data. The multi-level linear regression models show that air pollution was associated with elderly health with a clear urban-rural gap.Further analyses of subgroups show that compared with rural residents, urban residents had an advantage in cognitive health, but had a disadvantage in multi⁃morbidity related to air pollution. In addition, the rural-urban floating population was also under less negative impacts of air pollution on multimorbidity compared with urban ones. Therefore, neither the“urban advantage theory”nor the“urban penalty theory”can fully explain the rural-urban difference in environmental health inequality. It is necessary to carefully investigate and compare various factors in the process of social change from urbanization for health inequalities related to environmental issues in China.