【作者简介】王庆明，南开大学周恩来政府管理学院

【文章来源】《社会学研究》2023年第5期

【内容提要】本文关注在市场机制和法律体系不健全、企业产权模糊的改革初期，单位制企业破产的具体过程及内在机理。研究发现，最初的企业破产是国家因负担过重，借助市场竞争话语“甩包袱”的结果，是有选择的市场化；当时市场既是一套公平竞争的法则理念，也是国家规避风险、推进改革的手段；破产后，“工人是企业主人”的主人翁话语是工人强调身份产权的依凭。转型中的政企关系、职企关系及其动态演化过程形塑了企业产权界定的独特逻辑。

【关键词】单位制；企业破产；产权变革；产权社会学；有选择的市场化

【项目基金】本研究是国家社会科学基金项目“产权界定的社会逻辑：中国国有企业产权变革进程的社会学分析”（18FSH001）和南开大学文科发展基金项目（ZB21BZ0340）的阶段性成果。

【全文链接】http://shxyj.ajcass.org/Magazine/?Year=2023&Issue=5

A Study of the Bankruptcy Process and Mechanism of Danwei Enterprises in the Early Reform Period——An Analytical Framework of the Sociology of Property Rights

Abstract：This article focuses on the specific process and internal mechanism of bankruptcy of danwei enterprises at the early stage of reform when the market mechanism and legal system were not sound and the property rights of enterprises were vague. It finds that the initial enterprise bankruptey was the result of the state's overburdening and 'shaking off the burden” with the help of the market competition discourse, which was a selective marketization; the market at that time was not only a set of concepts of the law of fair competition, but also a means of the state's risk-avoidance and promotion of reforms; after bankruptey, the discourse of ownership, 'workers are the owners of the enterprise', was the basis for workers to emphasize their identity and property rights. The government-enterprise relationship, the work-enterprise relationship and its dynamic evolutionary process in the transition shaped the unique logic of defining property rights in enterprises.