【作者简介】罗斯琦，中山大学中国公共管理研究中心、政治与公共事务管理学院副教授，主要研究方向为产业关系、劳动的政治经济学；陈佳慧，中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院硕士、南方电网产业投资集团有限责任公司职员。

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2024年第2期

【内容提要】以往研究多将劳动力高流动作为平台特点，考察其强控制、低保障对正规雇佣的弱化及其导致的不稳定性，而本研究则将劳动者纳入进来。基于对外卖平台的田野调研，本研究指出，高流动实际上是资本管理和劳动自主性二者结合的产物：平台为商业经营目标而设计的组织管理相对重技术而轻劳动；而劳动者以“循环流动”“高价兼职”等行动进行回应。于是，平台劳动流动实质上超过了资本单方面的预期和控制，不仅造就劳动的不稳定，同时也给平台经营主体特别是代理商及其站点带来持续压力。“流动”在本质上体现的是平台多主体之间策略互动的动态过程，而这种互动尤其揭示出复杂的平台组织管理并未消除甚至创造出了劳动者自主的空间——后者虽有其局限性，但仍以新的形式在出现。

【关键词】平台组织管理 / 技术控制 / 劳动者自主性 / 循环流动 / 高价兼职

【基金项目】国家社科基金项目“平台经济中工作组织虚拟化与劳动关系治理研究”（21BSH153）

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V12/I2/176

A Paradox of“Flow”:Platform Management and Workers’Agency

LUO Siqi，CHEN Jiahui

Abstract：Frequent labour flows have nearly become a norm in the platform economy. Previous studies often treat them as a platform feature and examine how the platforms’strong control and low protection weaken typical employment, leading to labour precarity. However, this research brings workers back in by exploring their agency in the process. Based on extensive fieldwork on Chinese food delivery platforms, this article explores the root causes from both the platform and labour sides. It argues that the combination of the capital designs and labour strategies leads to frequent flows. Whereas the platforms create dual employment models for business purposes and emphasize technological control over labour subjectivity,workers respond by individual turnovers, mainly forming a type of“circular flow” within the sector, and collective actions, particularly organizing for“high-priced part-times”. Consequently, labour flows are beyond the capital’s expectations and unilateral control, which causes not only precarious labour but also constant pressures on platform organizations, especially delivery service agencies and their stations. Thus, this study concludes that labour flows essentially reflect the dynamic processes of strategic interactions among multiple parties on the platforms. Such processes particularly reveal that the complexity of platform organization has not eliminated but even created some space for worker agency, which has limitations but continues to emerge in new forms.

Keywords: platform organization and management, technological control, workers’agency, circular flow, high-priced part-time