【作者简介】梁萌 中国农业大学人文与发展学院社会政策与发展研究系

【文章来源】《社会》2024年第3期

【内容提要】对工业生产中“计件工资制”的研究表明，薪酬制度不仅从经济维度影响劳动者的行为，更是形塑劳动者从纯劳动力意识向纯劳动意识转变的重要机制，是劳动力过度商品化的重要基础。本文通过对外卖平台“计件制”中的派单、奖励、惩罚等规则的梳理，提出平台“计件工资制”虽然在形式上承继了工业生产“计件制”“多劳多得”的简单累积逻辑，但根本上已经变成了高投入、高回报和高风险的企业家式博弈，以及本质上的加速积累逻辑。同时，通过对骑手个体经营意识、过渡意识、自由意识、平等意识等被薪酬制度所形塑的企业家式劳动主观意识的呈现，进一步提出外卖平台薪酬制度的变迁意味着平台劳动中的“数字泰勒主义”并非工业劳动经典“泰勒制”的自然延续，而是具备了主客观方面的独特特征。

【关 键 词】计件工资制, 外卖, 多劳多得, 劳动力商品化

【基金项目】本文是国家社会科学基金一般项目“互联网技术影响下的服务业用工模式研究”（项目编号：18BSH105）的研究成果。

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I3/1

A Study of Piecework Wage System of Food-Delivery Platforms under the Influence of Digital Taylorism

Abstract: This article argues that the pay system is the key to understanding the high-speed and risky runnings of Chinese food delivery-riders. The research on piece-rate wage system in industrial production shows that the remuneration system not only affects the behavior of workers from the economic perspective， but also plays an important role in shaping the transformation of workers from pure labor power consciousness to pure labor consciousness， and is an important foundation for the over-commodification of labor. This article summarizes the rules of dispatching， rewarding， and penalising in the piece-rate system of food delivery platforms， and proposes that the food delivery piece-rate system， although formally inheriting the simple cumulative logic of “more pay for more work” of the piece-rate system of industrial production， has essentially become an entrepreneurial game of high inputs， high returns， and high-risks， as well as an essentially accelerated logic of accumulation. Also by presenting the delivery-riders’ entrepreneurial consciousness shaped by the pay system of self-management， transition， freedom， and equality， the study further suggests that the change of the remuneration system of takeaway platforms implies that the digital Taylor system in the platform economy is not a natural continuation of the classical Taylor system of industrial labor， but rather possesses the unique characteristics of both subjective and objective aspects. In terms of objectivity， it is manifested in the transformation of management forms due to digital technologies， including the introduction of algorithms for work process planning， as well as standardized and quantitative measurement of subjective and objective labor outcomes. On the subjective side， this is reflected in the shift in the nature of management logic， whereby all risks in the production， transportation， and consumption processes are shared by the worker， and the level of remuneration is affected by the risks rather than the simply accumulation of labor results. The relationship between labor and pay is no longer a deterministic one based on the traditional principle of “more pay for more work”， but rather an outcome through both effort and risk， that is， more work does not necessarily lead to more pay.

Key words: piece rate wages, food-delivery, more pay for more work, labor commodification