【作者简介】卢成仁，厦门大学社会与人类学院

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2025年第3期

【内容提要】费孝通对“合作丝厂”的失败做出了学理层面的解释，在此基础上他对中国如何应对现代性问题进行持续思考并提出解决方案。市场、社会与习俗构成了费孝通在《江村经济》中对“合作丝厂”的失败进行解释的三个支点。魁阁学派将经济与社会结合起来讨论工业组织背后的社会结构问题，深化了对“合作丝厂”失败的理解。费孝通对“合作丝厂”失败的解释，既是对戴乐仁经济学视角分析的超越，也深化了乡村工业派内部对乡村工业本身的认识，拓展了民国时期关于中国经济发展道路争论的视野，更回应了五四以来中国如何走出一条与西方现代性不同的道路的现代中国社会核心之问。今天我们从农民家庭工资劳动单位转变、城镇与乡村作为不同性质的共同体及不同人文生态的视角，在微观与中观层面对“合作丝厂”的失败进行再阐释，有助于进一步回应这一核心之问。

【关键词】“合作丝厂” / 失败 / 家庭 / 共同体 / 现代性

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V13/I3/117

How to Explain the Failure of the Co-operative Silk Factory: The Understanding and Reinterpretation of the Industrial Transformation of Fei Xiaotong

Abstract: Fei Xiaotong’s continuous thinking on why the“cooperative silk Factory”failed not only has a theoretical explanation, but also explains how to deal with the problem of modernity in China on the basis of the academic plan and thinking. The internal and external interweaving and mutual influence between market, society and custom constitute the three main fulcrum of Fei Xiaotong’s explanation of the failure of the“cooperative silk Factory”. The social structure behind the industrial organization was discussed by combining economy and society, which deepened the understanding of the failure of the“cooperative silk factory” during the period of Quige. Fei Xiaotong’s explanation of the failure of the “cooperative silk factory”is not only a dialogue and transcendence of the analysis of Delleren’s economic perspective, but also deepens the understanding of rural industry itself within the rural industrial school and expands the vision of the debate on China’s economic development path during the Republic of China. It also responds to the question of how to take a different path from Western modernity since the May Fourth Movement. With today’s“hindsight”, the process of reinterpreting the failure of the“cooperative silk factory”from the perspective of the transformation of peasant household wage labor unit, the different social nature of towns and villages and differentiated humanistic and ecological perspectives can prompt and explore new possibilities of the core question of modern Chinese society.