【作者简介】王晶晶，吴愈晓，南京大学社会学院

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2026年第2期

【内容提要】基于 2018 年国际学生评估项目（PISA）数据和世界银行社会经济指标构建的多层次数据集，本文从比较的视角出发，系统考察了国家（地区）层面收入不平等如何调节文化资本对青少年学业能力阶层异质性效应的影响。研究发现：第一，客体化与身体化文化资本均对优势阶层学生产生更高的学业回报，为布迪厄的文化再生产理论提供了跨社会情境的实证支持；第二，客体化文化资本的阶层异质性效应，即再生产程度，随收入不平等程度的提升而显著增强；身体化文化资本的阶层异质性效应未随宏观不平等呈现出显著的结构性改变。本文不仅回应了布迪厄关于文化资本情境性的理论主张，也从宏观层面为文化再生产与文化流动的理论争论提供了新的实证依据。

【关键词】收入不平等 / 文化资本 / 学业能力 / 文化再生产 / 文化流动

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V14/I2/55

The Contextual Effect of Cultural Reproduction:Income Inequality, Cultural Capital, and Adolescents’Academic Achievements

Abstract: Based on a multi-level dataset constructed from the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and World Bank socio-economic indicators, this study adopts a comparative perspective to systematically examine how national (regional) income inequality moderates the heterogeneous effects of cultural capital on academic achievement across social strata. The findings reveal that: first, both objectified and embodied cultural capital yield higher educational returns for students from advantaged backgrounds, providing cross-national evidence for Bourdieu’s cultural reproduction theory; second, the heterogeneous effect of objectified cultural capital, namely the strength of reproduction, significantly strengthens as income inequality increases. In contrast, the heterogeneous effect of embodied cultural capital shows no significant structural variation across societies with different levels of inequality. These conclusions not only respond to Bourdieu’s proposition regarding the“context-dependent”nature of cultural capital but also offer new empirical insights at the macro level into the theoretical debate between cultural reproduction and cultural mobility.