【作者简介】盛 禾，华中科技大学社会学院；张春泥，北京大学；肖凤秋，中国儿童中心

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2026年第3期

【内容提要】本研究关注“双减”与生育支持政策实施后，一孩家庭的教育负担状况及其对女性再生育意愿的影响。基于 2023 年“儿童校外生活状况调查”数据，研究发现子女处于义务教育阶段的一孩家庭在教育上的经济负担与时间负担相对减轻，但在子女升学和职业前景上存在情绪负担。高社会经济地位家庭的经济和时间负担更重，中低社会经济地位家庭感受到的情绪负担更重。一孩家庭在子女教育上的经济、时间和情绪负担越重，母亲再生育意愿越低。此外，教育负担与再生育意愿的负向关联在中低社会经济地位家庭中更强。本研究有助于深化对中国当前低生育率现象的理解，可为人口政策与教育政策的协同完善提供参考。

【关键词】家庭教育负担 / 再生育意愿 / 社会经济地位分化

【全文链接】https://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V14/I3/26

Family Educational Burdens and Women’s Intention toHave a Second Child in China

Abstract:  This study examines the educational burdens faced by families with one child after the implementation of the “double reduction” policy and fertility-support policies,as well as the impact of these burdens on mothers’ intention to have a  second child. Using data from the 2023 national survey on the after-school lives of Chinese children,the findings reveal that while economic and time-related pressures on rearing children at the compulsory education stage tend to diminish,emotional burdens related to children’s academic development and occupational prospects remain significant. Families with high socioeconomic status（SES）experience greater economic and time burdens,whereas those with lower SES report elevated levels of emotional stress. Higher levels of economic,time,and emotional burdens are negatively associated with mothers’ intentions to have more children. Moreover,the negative correlation between educational burdens and fertility intentions is more pronounced among lower-SES families. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of China’s persistently low fertility rates and provides implications for the coordinated improvement of population policies and education policies.