【作者简介】赵青矣，史海钧，清华大学社会学系

【文章来源】《社会学研究》2026年第1期

【内容提要】本文基于地位不一致理论，采用教育失配视角刻画个体在不同分层系统所处地位之间的张力，并在社会流动的动态背景下阐释优绩主义观念的形成机制。基于对中国家庭追踪调查数据的分析发现，职业与教育的纵向低配会显著削弱公众在总体性和个体性两方面的优绩主义观念；而代际与代内的长距离向上流动则能够抑制职业—教育纵向低配与优绩主义观念之间的负相关关系。上述结果表明，优绩主义观念不仅反映个体在特定社会结构中的位置，同时也受多元分层体系下的地位张力及其历时性变动过程的共同影响。

【关键词】优绩主义观念；教育失配；社会流动；地位不一致

【全文链接】https://shxyj.ajcass.com/Magazine/show/?id=121909

Educational Mismatch, Social Mobility and Beliefs in Meritocracy

Abstract: Drawing on status inconsistency theory, this article conceptualizes the internal tension in individuals status positions through the lens of educational mismatch and explicates how beliefs in meritocracy are formed under conditions of dynamic social mobility. Analyses of data from the China Family Panel Studies show that vertical downward mismatch between occupational status and educational attainment significantly weakens both societal and individual beliefs in meritocracy. In contrast, long-range upward mobility, whether inter-generational or inter- generational, mitigates this negative effect. These findings indicate that beliefs in meritocracy are not merely passive reflections of structural positions; rather, they are jointly shaped by the status tensions generated arising within a multidimensional stratification system and by longitudinal trajectories of status change.