【作者简介】张贵生，河海大学社会学系讲师，主要研究方向为城镇化与社会分层、儿童发展与教育；诸爱峰，长沙欧顿幼儿园园长，一级教师，主要研究方向为儿童健康教育；刘精明（通讯作者），清华大学社会学系教授，主要研究方向为儿童发展研究、社会分层与流动和教育社会学。

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2024年第2期

【内容提要】“双减”政策实施后，学前儿童家庭将一些非学科类的课外益智活动视为获取“幼升小”优势的新路径。本文利用 2022 年长沙 822 名学前儿童数据评估了课外益智活动的认知效能，研究发现：课外益智活动并不总是能转化为幼儿认知优势，其认知回报在小班阶段显著，而中班后则不显著；课外益智活动可通过提高幼儿的“专注力”间接提升认知回报；益智活动对中低收入家庭儿童认知发展有较大“补偿作用”，但在高收入家庭的儿童中边际收益较低；益智活动时间投入过多对认知发展有“反噬作用”。

【关 键 词】学前儿童 / 课外益智活动 / 认知发展 / 专注力 / “双减”政策

【基金项目】国家自科基金项目（72274222）、国家社科基金重点项目（21ASH003）

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V12/I2/64

The Effects of Extracurricular Developmental Activities on Preschoolers’Cognitive Abilities

ZHANG Guisheng，ZHU Aifeng，LIU Jingming

Abstract：After the implementation of the so-called“double reduction”policy in China, many extracurricular developmental activities（EDAs）have been regarded by some families as a new track to promote the cognitive abilities of preschoolers.Using the data of 822 pre-school children in Changsha in 2022, this paper evaluated the cognitive efficacy of EDAs. The study found that EDAs can significantly improve the cognitive abilities of preschoolers, but mainly limited to the Junior kindergarten ; Different from the logic of knowledge supplement contained in academic tutoring,EDAs can indirectly generate cognitive returns by improving children’s attentiveness; the“positive function”of EDAs is mainly reflected in preschoolers from middle-and low-income families，but the marginal returns are low for those from high-income families; there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the intensity of EDAs and the cognitive ability. This paper analyzes the“involution” performance of extracurricular investments from the academic theory, and provides a reference for infant families to understand and adapt to the“double reduction” policy..

Keywords: preschoolers, extracurricular developmental activities, cognitive development, attentiveness，“double reduction”policy