【作者简介】王顺平,吉林大学行政学院博士研究生,主要研究方向为乡村治理与中国政治；张晶晶,华中师范大学中国农村研究院比较政治研究所助理研究员，主要研究方向为族群与区域文化。

【文章来源】《社会建设》2023年第1期

【内容提要】在人民公社时期，国家实施了“电影下乡”政策，以集体娱乐的形式和寓教于乐的实践机理作用于对乡村的柔性治理进程。电影作为一种传播媒介，以政治宣传和教育的方式承载着国家对乡村社会的多重治理目标。口述历史资料分别回溯了基层政治精英视角下的国家治理向度与农民视角下的实际治理效能。实践证明：一方面，国家在一定程度上实现了对农民的居安思危意识、革命斗争观念与集体理念的结构性强化，并革新了乡土底色；另一方面，在多重因素的叠加作用下，国家既定的治理目标未能完全达成，电影放映的治理效能有限。此外，电影放映背景下的“国家—农民”关系并非传统意义上的“支配—抗争”型，而是非完全的正和博弈关系，反映在电影放映过程中国家与农民“各取所需”的互动关系。对这一时期的柔性治理机制进行探析，能够服务于当代基层治理体系与治理能力现代化建设。

【关 键 词】人民公社；电影放映；柔性治理；实践效能；“国家—农民”关系

【基金项目】国家社会科学基金青年项目“瑶老制与村民自治:传统治理资源的利用与创新研究” (17CMZ047)。

【全文链接】https://shjs.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V10/I01/83

The Operation Mechanism and Practical Efficiency of Rural Film Showing during the People's Commune Period: On the Flexible Governance of the State to the Countryside

Wang Shun-ping Zhang Jing-jing

Abstract: During the period of people's commune, the state implemented the policy of "sending films to the countryside", which acted on the flexible governance process of the countryside in the form of collective entertainment and the practical mechanism of edutainment. As a kind of media, the film carried the multiple governance goals of the state to the rural society in the way of political propaganda and education. The oral history data respectively trace the state governance dimension from the perspective of grassroots political elites and the actual governance efficiency from the perspective of peasants. The practice has proved that: on the one hand, the state has realized the reinforcement of structure of the peasants' awareness of danger in times of peace, the concept of revolutionary struggle and the concept of collective, and reformed the rural background to a certain extent. On the other hand, under the superposition of multiple factors, the established governance objectives of the state have not been fully achieved, and the governance efficiency of film showing was limited. In addition, The "statepeasants" relationship under the background of the film showing is not the traditional "dominant-protest" type, but the incomplete positive sum game relationship, which is reflected that each takes what he needs in the interactive relationship between the state and peasant in the process of film showing. The analysis of the flexible governance mechanism in this period can serve the modernization of the contemporary grassroots governance system and governance capacity.

Keywords: The People's Commune; Film Showing; Flexible Governance; Practical Efficiency; The Relationship between the State and the Peasants