【作者简介】何奇峰 中国政法大学社会学院;周芯宇 北京大学社会学系

【文章来源】《社会》2024年第1期

【内容提要】本文以云南省弥村四个农民家庭为例，分析了农民家庭“分而不散”的现象，进而回应“何以为家”的问题，在经验层面对家庭结构固定化的划分和家庭边界进行反思和拓展。研究发现，变化万千的家庭形态只是顺应社会变迁的方式，即当下的家庭形态是“权宜之计”。一旦农民家庭遭遇重大变故，家庭内部情境或外部条件的突变迫使具有责任的家庭成员在个人生活与经济功能的维度上妥协与改变，矛盾解决的过程表现为个人与家庭关系重新调试以达至新的平衡的过程。本文认为，家庭纵向主轴结构的存续和兴旺始终是目的，构成每个家庭成员最为根本的行动逻辑，这是将农民家庭凝聚在一起而“不散”的力量；而在当前城乡关系下，分散的家庭形态是农民迫于生计不得已而为之。家庭的核心意涵驱动了家庭形态上的分散，而家庭责任伦理跨越空间对分散在各地的家庭成员产生约束性力量。

【关 键 词】城乡关系, 家庭结构, 责任伦理, 家庭形态, 纵向主轴结构

【基金项目】本文系2022年度国家社科基金重大项目“乡村振兴战略下县域城乡融合发展的理论与实践研究”（负责人：周飞舟，批准号：22&ZD189）的成果之一。

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I1/149#

What Makes a Family：Farmers’ Families That Live Separately but Keep Together

Abstract: This article analyzes the phenomenon of “separated but keep together” in four rural families in Micun，Yunnan Province，in response to the question of “what makes a family”. It reflects on and expands the fixed division of family structure and boundaries at the experiential level. The study has found that the ever-changing family forms are just ways to adapt to social changes，which means the current family form is a “temporary solution”. Once a farmer's family encounters a major disruption，the sudden changes in the family's internal situation or external conditions force responsible family members to make compromises and breakthroughs in personal life and economic functions. The process of resolving conflicts manifests as the process of readjusting the relationship between individuals and families to achieve a new balance. Therefore，the survival and prosperity of the vertical axis structure of the family has always been the goal，constituting the most fundamental action logic of each family member. This is the force that unites peasant families. In the current urban-rural relationship，the scattered family structure is a result of farmers'necessity for livelihood. The dispersion of rural family forms does not necessarily mean the occurrence of individualized trends among rural residents. The core purpose of the family drives the dispersion of family forms，and the ethical responsibility transcends space and exerts a binding force on family members scattered in various places. Finally，this article links the actions of family members with the family structure，emphasizing the purpose and principles of action from the perspective of individual family members，while not denying the role of external factors such as economic status. The family structure does not constitute a constraint on the actions of family members，rather，it is the result of the decisions made by family members in accordance with behaviour ethics during the transition period. Economic factors are only a means of contributing to or making it more tortuous to this process.

Key words: urban-rural relationship, family structure, ethics of responsibility, family form, longitudinal spindle structure