【作者简介】刘 涛，王文娟，河南农业大学

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2026年第1期

【内容提要】当前学术界对梁漱溟乡村建设理论的研究或聚焦其中国传统文化复兴问题，或关注乡村建设理论与实践中的乡村结构与伦理调适等问题，而忽视了作为乡村建设方案重要组成部分的农业建设及其文明论意涵问题。在近代中国遭遇重大文明危机的背景下，基于对农业生产特性以及中国小农生命力的理论认识，梁漱溟提出以乡农学校为支撑框架、以农业合作社为中心推进农业技术发展与农业金融发展的农业改革方案，并将其付诸邹平乡村建设实践。从文明论视角看，该方案蕴含着中西文明比较下对西方现代资本主义文明的批判意识，以及以涵养中国文明的理性精神为基础的现代文明重整意涵，力图走出一条以中国理性精神为根基、真正实现以人为本的人类发展道路。梁漱溟的农业建设相关探讨构成了农业社会学的中国传统之一，重返其农业建设方案，亦有助于从农业社会学视角深化对农业发展与文明建设关系的认识。

【关键词】梁漱溟 / 农业建设 / 文明重整 / 农业社会学

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V14/I1/174

Agricultural Construction and the Restructuring of Civilization：Issue in Agricultural Sociology Within Liang Shuming’s Theory of Rural Construction

Abstract: Current academic research on Liang Shuming’s rural construction theory primarily focuses either on the rejuvenation of traditional Chinese culture, or on the adjustment of rural structures and ethics within the theory and practice of rural construction. However, it often neglects the issue of agricultural construction—an important component of the rural construction plan—and its civilizational implications. Against the backdrop of the severe civilizational crisis faced by modern China, and based on a theoretical understanding of the characteristics of agricultural production and the vitality of Chinese small-scale farmers, Liang Shuming proposed an agricultural reform plan that took“Xiang Nong”schools as the supporting framework and agricultural cooperatives as the core to promote the development of agricultural technology and agricultural finance, implementing it in the rural construction of Zouping.From the perspective of civilization theory, this plan embodies a critical consciousness toward Western modern capitalist civilization through a comparison between Chinese and Western civilizations. It also presents a vision of reorganizing modern civilization based on cultivating this rational spirit of Chinese civilization, striving to embark on a path of human development rooted in the rational spirit of China and truly putting people first.Liang Shuming’s discussions on agricultural construction constitute a significant tradition within Chinese of agricultural sociology. Re-examining his agricultural construction plan also helps to deepen the understanding of the relationship between agricultural development and civilizational construction from the perspective of agricultural sociology.