【作者简介】何海狮 云南大学西南边疆少数民族研究中心、云南大学民族学与社会学学院;韩佳咪 云南大学民族学与社会学学院

【文章来源】《社会》2024年第4期

【内容提要】本文讨论了一个老挝中资橡胶农场的本土雇工管理实践及其背后的行为逻辑。在胶工与农场的互动博弈下，农场宿舍逐渐被赋予老挝传统社会文化意义，转变为村寨共同体。村寨共同体与农场的叠加和互构，促使胶工对村寨的情感认同向农场及其劳动“转移”，为农场获得稳定且可靠的劳动力提供了保障。同时，借助村寨共同体的属性，农场创新性地建立了一套行之有效的柔性劳动力监督与管理机制，进一步稳固了劳资关系。该案例表明，本土劳动力将家庭与村寨等传统社会结合方式嵌入到现代劳资关系之中的倾向，能够引发劳资关系的结构性调整。因此，深入挖掘本土劳动力的社会结合方式，有助于推进中资企业更为良性和稳固地扎根海外。

【关 键 词】宿舍, 社会结合, 村寨, 老挝, 橡胶

【基金项目】本文是国家社会科学基金项目“中老跨境农业合作的民族志研究”（18CMZ027）的阶段性成果。

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I4/87

From Farm Dormitory to Village Community：A Case Study of Labor Management in a Chinese-Owned Rubber Farm in Laos

Abstract: This study focuses on the local labor management practice and its underlying behavioral logic of a Chinese-owned rubber farm in Laos. The rubber farm’s recruitment process encountered many challenges when both the first round of recruitment in the surrounding villages and the second cross-provincial recruitment had ended in failure. It was not until the third cross-provincial recruitment that the farm was able to secure a stable labor force. The paper examines the management practice of the third group of workers. The results indicate that the unique orientation of the rubber workers towards the dormitory became the key to labor stability. Through the interaction between the rubber workers and the farm， the farm dormitory was endowed with traditional Lao socio-cultural meanings and transformed into a village community. As a result， the village community and the farm are merged and inter-constructed. The superposition of the two has contributed to the “transfer” of the rubber workers emotional commitment from the village to the employer， thus ensuring a stable and reliable labor force for the farm. At the same time， the farm has also taken advantage of the farm’s village community attributes to innovatively establish a set of effective and flexible labor supervision and management mechanisms to further solidify labor-management relations. In addition， the farm continuously expands its labor force by leveraging the “substitute rubber worker” policy and actively recruiting the second generation of rubber workers， turning the village into a “reservoir” of farm labor. The transformation of farm dormitory into a village community fully demonstrates the strong resilience of traditional family-village social integration among Lao workers. In this case， the rubber workers embedded this traditional social bonding into modern labor-capital relations， leading to a structural adjustment of labor-management on the farm. An in-depth exploration of the social integration mechanism of local labor force can help promote a more positive and stable presence of Chinese enterprises overseas.

Key words: dormitory, social integration, village, Lao, rubber