【作者简介】梅晶哲 吉林大学哲学社会学院社会学系;戴优升(通讯作者) 中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院社会学系

【文章来源】《社会》2024年第4期

【内容提要】本文从农业生产中农民的技术应用困境角度切入，探讨农业转型过程中农民与农业技术的关系变迁。基于对河北省稷县植保技术推广的案例考察，本文指出，农业技术推广的项目运作推动了农业技术从农民向新型农业经营主体的转移。通过重构农民的实践技术和提高现代农业技术的获取门槛，实现了专业知识对实践知识的替代；通过加大对新型农业经营主体的扶持力度，不断挤压以互助互惠为核心的熟人服务的生存空间，实现了技术服务中经济关系对社会关系的覆盖。农业技术的知识性剥离与社会性剥离，导致技术本身和技术服务与农民的双重脱节。农业现代化的实现离不开小农群体的现代化，应当重视小农户的技术需求，重构以小农户为核心的农业社会化服务体系，最终实现以农民为主体的农业现代化。

【关 键 词】技术剥离, 农业转型, 技术转移, 技术嵌入, 农业技术推广

【基金项目】本文是国家社科基金一般项目“乡村振兴战略背景下公众参与农村环境治理的社会机制研究”（编号：18BSH069）的研究成果。

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I4/57

Technology Disembedding in the Process of Agricultural Transformation： A Study on Extension and Application of Plant Protection Technology in Ji County

Abstract: This paper attempts to explore the shifting relationship between farmers and agricultural technology in the process of agricultural transformation， taking into account the technological application difficulties faced by farmers in agricultural production. Based on the case study of Ji County in Hebei Province， this paper suggests that agricultural technology promotion has gone through three stages：namely， the state led stage during the collectivization period， the grassroots agricultural market-driven stage during the reform period， and the new agricultural management entities during the agricultural transformation period. Respectively， agricultural technology has been linked to the rural society and applied to agricultural production through three forms of organization-embedded， market-embedded， and capital embedded. However， the embedded relationship between agricultural technology and rural society is not necessarily realized through farmers’mastery and application of agricultural technology. When the promotion of plant protection technology is implemented through new agricultural management entities in the form of projects， agricultural technology has realised its transfer and redistribution from farmers to new management entities， and farmers have become increasingly disconnected from agricultural technology. On the one hand， by reconstructing farmers’ practical technology and raising the threshold of acquiring modern agricultural technology， the substitution of professional knowledge for practical knowledge has been accomplished. On the other hand， by increasing support for machinery purchase and project operation for new farm management entities， traditional services centred on mutual assistance and reciprocity among friends and acquaintance have been continuously squeezed out， reducing technical services to purely economic behaviors and substituting social relations with economic relations. The social and knowledge disembedding of agricultural technology has led to a disconnection of both technology and technology services from farmers. The agricultural technology modernization can not be separated from the agricultural modernization of farmers. Attention should be paid to the technological needs of small farmers， and the reconstruction of a socialised system of agricultural services with farmers as its core， and ultimately the modernization of agriculture and rural China with peasants as the subject.

Key words: technology disembedding, agricultural transformation, technology transfer, technology embedding, agricultural technology extension