【作者简介】潘桐，北京大学社会学系

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2026年第2期

【内容提要】文人与艺人的时相过从是旧剧现代化进程中的独特现象，也是传统艺术现代化的重要路径。民国时期的文人虽然开始“关注”艺人，但由于国家与艺术的关系疏离且模糊，前者并未意识到后者在旧剧现代化中的特殊价值，文艺关系形态主要是“文主艺从”。新中国成立以后，在中国共产党文艺路线的指引下，国家与艺术的关系趋于清晰。在一系列的戏改实践和政策纠偏中，文艺双方走向了“文艺相从”——二者相互学习和“发现”，并共同致力于旧剧现代化和工具化的目标。文艺相从的出现，是中国共产党领导的新民主主义大众文化建设的延伸与社会主义文化建设的重要成果，不仅意味着传统戏曲的创造性转化和创新性发展，更是阶层关系调整、社会整合的重要环节，反映了具有中国特色的国家与艺术的关系。

【关键词】文艺相从 / 文主艺从 / 国家-艺术 / 旧剧现代化 / 戏改

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V14/I2/122

Literati and Artists Marching Together: The Modernization of Old Operas from the Perspective of State-Art Relations

Abstract: The frequent interactions between literati and artists constituted a distinctive phenomenon in the modernization process of old operas and served as an important pathway for the modernization of traditional art. During the Republic of China period, although literati began to“pay attention to”artists, due to the estrangement and ambiguity in the relationship between the state and art prevented the former from recognizing the unique value of the latter in the modernization of old operas, and the form of literary-artistic relationship was mainly characterized by “literati dominating, artists following”. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, guided by the literary and artistic policies of the Communist Party of China and supported by nationwide political power, the relationship between the state and art became clearly defined. Through a series of opera reform practices and policy adjustments, both sides in literature and art moved towards “literati and artists marching together”, namely they learned from and discovered each other, and dedicated themselves to the same goal of modernizing and instrumentalizing old operas. The emergence of“literati and artists in mutual accord”is an extension of the new democratic mass culture construction led by the CPC and an important achievement in socialist cultural development. This development not only signifies the creative transformation and innovative advancement of traditional operas, but also constitutes an important link in the adjustment of class relations and social integration, reflecting a state-art relationship with distinct Chinese characteristics.