【作者简介】赵锋，中国社会科学院社会学研究所、中国社会科学院社会学研究所社会调查与数据处理研究中心、中国社会科学院大学社会与民族学院

【文章来源】《社会学研究》2025年第6期

【内容提要】对中国官僚传统的理论研究长期沿用西方“bureaucracy”范式，却忽视了先秦《慎子》《韩非子》中“势”概念的理论潜能。本文首先梳理黄老与法家“势”论的思想源流与核心意涵，然后将其重构为以“政治力量的组织”为核心的一般理论视角，借此视角重审韦伯的合法性概念，并以“官僚”问题为例彰显该视角的解析力。研究表明，通过对“势”的诠释与再概念化，可激活其作为理论工具的潜力，有望推动相关研究的基础理论创新。

【关键词】官僚传统；“势”概念；政治力量的组织；合法性概念

【全文链接】https://shxyj.ajcass.com/Magazine/show/?id=121288

The Concept of Shi in Pre-Qin Political Thought: Reflections on the "Organization of Political Forces"

Abstract: Theoretical research on Chinas bureaucratic tradition has long adhered to the Western paradigm of " bureaucracy" , overlooking the theoretical potential of the concept of Shi as found in pre Qin texts such as the Shenzi and Han Feizi. This paper first traces the intellectual origins and core meanings of the discourse on Shi in the Huang-Lao and Legalist traditions, then reconstructs it into a general theoretical framework centered on the "organization of political forces”. Using this perspective,it re examines Max Webers concept of legitimacy and demonstrates the analytical power of this perspective through case study of the " bureaucracy" issue. The study shows that by interpreting and re-conceptualizing Shi, its potential as a theoretical tool can be activated, offering promise for foundational innovation in related studies.