【作者简介】周东洋，河海大学公共管理学院讲师，主要研究方向为社会分层与流动；崔思瞻，南京大学社会学院硕士研究生（通讯作者），主要研究方向为社会分层与流动。

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2024年第1期

【内容提要】基于2015年中国综合社会调查（CGSS）数据，本文考察了当代中国人道德判断的影响因素。本文将道德判断区分为“公德”和“私德”两个方面，并提出了道德判断的“现代化命题”。研究发现，个体和地区层次的“现代化水平”均对公德和私德有显著影响，但在具体因素方面存在差异。首先，个体的现代化程度越高，就越趋于遵从公德而排斥私德。其次，所在省份的现代化水平越高，居民越排斥私德，但对居民对公德的态度没有显著影响。此外，个体的道德判断受到年龄的调节，个体和社会层次的现代化会缩小不同年龄群体公德的差距，而私德方面却呈现相反的结果。本研究结果在一定程度上验证了当代中国人道德判断的“现代化命题”，社会转型理论也为这种命题提供了补充性的解释。本研究也为理解当代中国人的道德观念和道德判断提供了社会学的视角和经验证据。

【关 键 词】道德；现代化；公德；私德

【基金项目】国家社科基金重点项目“中产阶层生活状况和社会态度研究”（19ASH007）

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V12/I1/142

An Analysis of Individual and Structural Factors Influencing Chinese Moral Judgment

ZHOU Dongyang，CUI Sizhan

Abstract:Using data from the 2015 Chinese General Social Survey（CGSS）, this paper examines the influencing factors of contemporary Chinese moral judgment. Based on the survey data, this paper divides moral judgment into“publicmorality”and“private morality”, and puts forward the“modernizationproposition”of moral judgment. It is found that“modernization”at the individual and group level has a significant impact on private and public morality, but there are differences in specific factors. Firstly, the higher the level of modernization of an individual, the more he/she tends to conform to the judgments of public morality and reject the judgments of private morality. Secondly, the higher the modernization level of a province is, the more its people exclude private morality, while there is no significant difference in public morality. In addition, individual moral judgment is regulated by age. Modernization at the individual and social levels narrows the gap in“publicmorality”between different ages, while private morality does the opposite. Results verify the“modernizationproposition”of contemporary Chinese moral judgment to an extent; at the same time, social transformation theory also provides supplementary explanations for this proposition. The findings of this paper also provide a sociological perspective and empirical evidence for understanding the moral concepts and moral judgments of contemporary Chinese people.

Keywords:morality, modernization, public morality, private morality