【作者简介】孙湛宁，徐校飞，王 垚，北京体育大学

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2024年第6期

【内容提要】由于运动技能形成时间窗口的特殊性和竞技体育举国体制的制度安排，专业篮球运动员从青少年时期即进入体育运动学校习得运动技能。“三集中”的训练体制意味着生活空间和训练空间的高度重合，通过长时间、重复性的运动训练和高强度身体负荷的比赛对抗，专业篮球运动员运动技能得以形成与提升，并稳定在高水平竞技状态且形成个人风格。在运动技能形成的过程中，专业篮球运动员的职业身份认同、群体认同和国家认同亦得以建构。这不仅有助于其身体机能的恢复，也激发了其运动过程中的个体对抗和集体对抗能力，进而影响个体运动技能提升和团队运动成绩取得，即专业篮球运动员的技能形成和认同构建存在螺旋形增进关系。

【关键词】专业篮球运动员 / 技能形成 / 国家认同 / 职业社会学

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V12/I4/108

Skill Formation and Identity Construction of Professional Basketball Players

Abstract: Due to the specificity of the time window for the formation of basketball skills and the institutional arrangement of the whole national system, professional basketball players usually enter sports training schools to acquire sports skills during their adolescence. The“triply-centralized”training system implies a high degree of overlap between living space and training space. Long-term, repetitive basketball training and high-intensity physical confrontation promotes the formation and enhancement of the basketball skills of professional basketball players, brings them into a stable and highly competitive level and formats basketball skills with personal style. The individual identity, group identity and national identity of professional basketball players are constructed during their formation of basketball skills. This process not only promotes the recovery of the basketball players’physical function,stimulates the individual and collective confrontation ability, but also significantly impacts the improvement of the individual basketball skills and the achievement of the team’s basketball performance, leading to the spiral enhancement of the skill formation and identity construction for professional basketball players.