【作者简介】孟 玲，香港理工大学应用社会科学系；张 龙，南开大学社会学院

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2026年第2期

【内容提要】关于中国民间寄养的既有研究主要关注寄养现象何以出现及其不同模式，较少探究寄养实践中家庭和亲属关系的动态变化。基于在北方某县的田野调查与深度访谈，本文试图呈现和解释原生家庭-寄养家庭-被寄养者的三角关系在民间寄养实践中的动态变化过程。通过引入泽利泽的关系工作理论，本文认为寄养三角中的关系标记实践和互动过程共同形塑了寄养和后寄养期间的关系状态。具体来说，在原生家庭主要“搭钱”、寄养家庭主要“搭功夫”的合作养育模式和关系标记实践下，寄养期间的被寄养者往往对寄养家庭有明显的情感偏向，且基于和原生家庭的不同互动而形成有差别的情感联结。当被寄养者回到原生家庭生活后，寄养三角中家庭和亲属关系的意义与边界会被重新协商，其中原生家庭父母的关系标记实践与亲子互动过程对寄养三角关系走向产生尤为重要的影响，由此寄养三角关系得以延续、重构甚至出现破裂。

【关键词】寄养三角 / 民间寄养 / 家庭关系 / 亲属关系 / 关系工作

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V14/I2/171

The Unstable Triangles: Family and Kinship Relations in Customary Adoption Practices in Contemporary China

Abstract: Existing research on customary adoption in China has primarily focused on the origins and various patterns of this phenomenon, but has rarely explored the dynamics of family and kinship relationships in customary adoption practices. Based on fieldwork and in-depth interviews conducted in a county in northern China, this article attempts to present and explain the dynamics of the triangular relationship of “birth family-adoptive family-adoptee”in customary adoption practices. Bringing in Zelizer’s“relational work”theory, this article argues that the relational earmarking practices and interaction processes jointly shape the status of relationships within adoption triangles. Specifically, under a collaborative parenting model and relational earmarking practices whereby the birth families mainly provide financial support while the adoptive families mainly provide daily care, adoptees usually develop an obvious emotional preference for their adoptive families and form differentiated emotional bonds with their birth families based on varying interactions. After adoptees return to their birth families, the meanings and boundaries of family and kinship relationships within the adoption triangles are renegotiated. The relational earmarking practices of parents and parent-child interactions within birth families are particularly influential in shaping the dynamics of this adoption triangle, which may consequently continue, be reconstructed, or even break down.