【作者简介】郭育松 清华大学社会学系；洪伟（通讯作者） 清华大学社会学系

【文章来源】《社会》2024年第1期

【内容提要】本文选取了中国北方地区的一个村落，结合当地农村实施的清洁取暖改造工程，比较了空气源热风机和天然气壁挂炉这两种取暖技术设备的使用情况。研究发现，缺乏技术驯化过程是新技术无法融入村民日常生活的关键。突然介入的清洁技术像未被驯化的动物，用户需要结合生活习惯和家庭取暖需要，根据技术柔性的强弱自发完成测价、调整和改造等多重适应试验，在与清洁技术的双向互动中形成个性化的使用模式，以此来缓解技术设计脚本与用户习惯之间的张力。技术柔性较低的热风机在使用中的环境不适配影响了村民的试验参与度，只能成为煤炉取暖主力之外的辅助工具。技术柔性较高的天然气壁挂炉为技术脚本的改写提供可能，进而完成了外来技术向家庭内部驯化的整个过程。

【关 键 词】技术驯化, 试验, 交互模型, 清洁技术, 用户

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I1/32

Domesticating Cleaning Technologies: User-Adaption Trials in the Model of Interessement

Abstract: In conjunction with the ongoing rural clean heating renovation project in northern China， this study compares the home adoption of two technologies of air source heat pumps（ASHPs） and wall-mounted natural gas heaters（NGHs） in rural settings. Why hasn't the clean technology introduced into households in Li Village changed the traditional heating methods of most villagers to achieve the expected clean heating results？ This article finds that the lack of technological domestication process is the key to the inability of new technologies to be integrated into villagers' daily lives. The sudden intervention of clean technology is like an intrude of untamed animals. Users need to combine their living habits and household heating needs, and spontaneously complete multiple adaptive trails such as price measurement, adjustment, and transformation based on the flexibility of the technology. In this two-way interaction with clean technology， personalized usage patterns are formed to alleviate the tension between the technical design scripts and users' habits. With low flexibility， ASHPs have resulted in mismatches in terms of device performance， heating costs， and installation space， affecting the participation of villagers in the trials and ultimately limiting their usefulness as an auxiliary tool in addition to the traditional coal-stove heating system. NGHs with high technological flexibility not only provide villagers with powerful information about cost， kitchen renovation and more， but also the possibility to rewrite the original scripts， allowing villagers to take initiatives to produce knowledge and products that meet their daily needs， therefore completing the entire process of home adaptation of new technology. Only by giving space for negotiation between technologies and users can technology-driven social transformation projects better promote changes in people's lifestyles and sustainable green upgrades.

Key words: domestication of technology, trials, Model of Interessement, clean technology, users