【作者简介】周飞舟，北京大学社会学系、北京大学中国社会与发展研究中心

【文章来源】《社会学研究》2025年第6期

【内容提要】本文探索的是中国特色社会学理论体系建设中儒家思想所能起到的作用。沿着费孝通先生指出的路径，本文力图用礼学、理学思想讨论“意会”与“讲不清楚的我”，避免以非精神因素解释精神世界的还原论倾向。本文发现，“意会”的思想基础是儒家的性情论，而礼在性情论的基础上搭建了意会之桥；“讲不清楚的我”的思想基础是儒家的修身论，从正心诚意到格物致知是良知之我明觉澄彻的过程。综合而言，良知之我是意会之桥的两端，良知愈明，意会愈成。

【关键词】意会；良知；性情；中国特色社会学；社会学中国化

【全文链接】https://shxyj.ajcass.com/Magazine/show/?id=121287

Tacit Understanding (yihui) and Conscience (liangzhi ): Confucianism and Expanding the Boundaries of Chinese Sociology

Abstract: This paper explores the role that Confucian thought can play in the construction of a theoretical system for sociology with Chinese characteristics. Following the path indicated by Fei Xiaotong,it endeavors to employ the doctrines of Ritual Studies (Lixue) and Neo Confucianisn (Lixue) to discuss the concepts of "tacit understanding" and "the inexpressible self", thereby avoiding the reductionist tendeney of explaining the spiritual realm solely through non-spiritual factors. This paper reveals that the conceptual foundation of intuition lies in the Confucian theory of human nature and emotions. Building upon this theory, ritual constructs a bridge for tacit understanding. The intellectual basis of "the inexpressible self" is rooted in Confucian theory of self- cultivation,wherein the process from rectifying the heart-mind and sincerity to investigating things and extending knowledge represents a jouney of the conscience endowed self towards clarity and lucid awareness. In synthesis,the self grounded in conscience constitutes both ends of the bridge of intuition;the brighter the conscience, the more fully the tacit understanding is achieved.