【作者简介】赵丙祥 中国农业大学人文与发展学院

【文章来源】《社会》2023年第6期

【内容提要】本文以葛兰言的早期著述为例，考察中国社会学研究的语文学方法论。葛兰言受到沙畹、梅耶的古典学和语文学影响，将其运用于中国古典文学、风俗和礼法的研究。他从《诗经》的词法、句法等入手，归纳文本的程式、主题及相应的社会事实，指出不同文本间的转化呈现了诸种社会制度的内外关联。这种形态论为后来结构主义的兴起奠定了基础。在“长时代”的视野下，葛兰言按照不同的层次进行分析，在描述事件、制度与精神结构的深层关系时，呈现了一部制度、心态和道德变迁的总体史。葛兰言的方法论既继承了欧洲古典语文学的传统，也尝试以社会学和历史学眼光重新阐发中国的语文学传统，对于理解中国文明的总体特征具有重要的参考价值。

【关 键 词】语文学, 形态, 程式, 转化, 制度, 长时代

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I6/79

Philology of Chinese Sociology: A Study of Marcel Granet's Early Works

Abstract: This paper examines Marcel Granet's methodology in the study of classical Chinese literature, customs and etiquette. Granet's first book Festivals and Songs in Ancient China has a decisive significance for all his subsequent works. Philology formed an important part of Granet's book due to his training under Emmanuel-èdouard Chavannes and Antoine Meillet. However, the approach was adapted sociologically. First, Granet described the social morphology of The Book of Songs, such as the existence of lexicon and syntax in various texts, and summarised their formulae, themes, and corresponding social facts. Second, from these cross-text appropriations and transpositions, he revealed important social systems such as human geography (mountains, rivers, etc.), social relationships of couples, brothers and friends, etc., and political relationships such as monarchs, ministers and comrades-in-arms. Third, on this base, Granet explored the overall principles of Chinese civilization, for instance, the foremost principle of yin and yang and its specific manifestations. To complete these analysises, Granet proposed the concept of "la période assez longue". Within this historical framework, Granet's textual analysis of The Book of Songs was divided into multiple levels, describing historical figures and events, social institutions and spiritual structures respectively, thus presenting an overall history of changes in systems, mentality, and morals. This social and spiritual morphology laid the foundation for the rise of structural anthropology. In sum, Granet inherited the legacies from both Chinese and European philology, and expanded it through sociology. As a sinologist with historical and sociological mind, Marcel Granet's methodology continues to offer us an important reference value for understanding the characteristics of Chinese civilization.

Key words: philology, morphology, formula, transposition, institution, la période assez longue (the long period)