【作者简介】吴振华，清华大学社会学系

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2025年第3期

【内容提要】本研究以北京一家养老驿站护工的拟亲式情感劳动为例，分析了情感劳动如何生成积极体验。研究发现，养老驿站护工的情感劳动过程包括从称谓到照料的表层表演，以及从仪式到关系的深层表演；拟亲式情感劳动之所以能够生成积极体验，是因为护工在情感劳动的深层表演中实现了内在认同与外在认同的一致性，从而在劳动过程中与老人建立了超越经济维度的关系，并将养老驿站建构为自己与老人的“家外之家”，劳动过程中的“认同一致性”是情感劳动生成积极体验的关键。本研究对于反思资本主义异化劳动具有一定启发性，对于养老行业发展也具有一定参考价值。

【关键词】情感劳动 / 积极体验 / 拟亲 / 家外之家 / 认同一致性

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V13/I3/96

Fictive Kinship: Local Elderly Care Practice from the Perspective of Positive Emotional Labor Experiences

Abstract: This study uses the fictive kinship-based emotional labor of caregivers  at an eldercare service station in Beijing as an example to analyze how emotional labor generates positive experiences. The study finds that the process of emotional labor by caregivers includes surface acting such as forms of address and care, as well as deep acting involving rituals and relationships. The reason why fictive kinship-based emotional labor can generate positive experiences lies in caregivers achieving consistency between internal and external identification during the deep acting of emotional labor. This enables them to establish relationships with the elderly that transcend economic dimensions, thus transforming the eldercare service station into a“home away from home”for both themselves and the elderly through fictive kinship. The“consistency of identification”in the labor process is thus key to generating positive experiences in emotional labor. This study offers theoretical insights for reflecting on alienated labor under capitalism and provides practical implications for the development of the eldercare industry.