【作者简介】李耕,中国农业大学人文与发展学院社会学与人类学系

【文章来源】《社会》2024年第5期

【内容提要】以往研究在解释参与式项目或技术下乡失败的原因时，大多从权力关系、文化范式等角度切入，较少关注常见的项目载体——技术。本文以一个轻钢住宅建造项目为例，指出轻钢建造技术的物质性及其社会构造过程约束了技术推广和村民参与的社会效果。研究发现，一方面，轻钢技术通过简化操作、降低门槛为普通村民参与建造提供了可能；另一方面，轻钢技术内在的工业化、专业化、标准化的逻辑削弱了技术的弹性，难以契合乡土营造的地方性和灵活性，反而加剧了村民对技术供给方的依附。此外，嵌入社会权力关系的技术体系、技术的物质特征与地方文化认同的张力、技术理性与乡土建造理性的冲突等，也消解了村民对参与式建造的获得感和认同度。技术的合理性逻辑使得蕴含社会理想的开放式技术方案难以落地生根，从而塑造了以下悖论：表面上，村民通过深度参与习得新技能，但在集体意识和社区赋权上难以实现项目的预期目标，从而呈现出“单向度参与”的局面。以技术为轴心的视角有助于我们反思提倡“赋权”与“参与”的技术路线的想象与真实，重新审视“参与式”的内涵和条件，更全面地考虑技术在社会项目中的复杂作用。

【关 键 词】技术, 轻钢, 建筑, 单向度, 参与

【基金项目】本文是国家社会科学基金青年项目“协同演化视野下山地乡村人居环境的人类学研究”（项目编号：20CSH031）的研究成果。

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I5/184

The Paradox of Participatory Technical Practice：A Sociological Analysis of Technology Based on Rural Light-Steel Housing Construction Projects

Abstract: Previous research，when explaining the reasons for the failure of participatory projects or the introduction of technology to rural areas， often approached the issue from the perspective of power relations or cultural paradigms， with less attention paid to the common project carrier： technology. Using a participatory construction project of light-steel rural housing as an example， this paper points out that the materiality of light-steel construction technology and its social construction process have constrained the social effects of technology promotion and villager participation. The research finds that，on the one hand，light- steel technology provides the possibility for ordinary villagers to participate in construction by simplifying operations and lowering thresholds； on the other hand， its inherent logic of industrialization，specialization， and standardization weakens the flexibility of the technology，making it difficult to align with the locality and flexibility of vernacular construction，and instead exacerbating villagers’ dependence on technology providers. Furthermore，issues such as the technological system embedded in social power relations，the tension between the material characteristics of technology and local cultural identity，and the conflict between technological rationality and vernacular construction rationality have all undermined villagers’ sense of achievement and identification with participatory construction. The rationality logic of technology makes it difficult for open technological solutions that embody social ideals to take root，thus shaping the following paradox：on the surface，villagers have acquired new skills through deep participation，but it is difficult to achieve the project’s expected goals in terms of collective consciousness and community empowerment， resulting in a situation of “one-dimensional participation”. The technology-centered perspective helps us reflect on the imagination and reality of the technological path advocating “empowerment” and “participation”，re-examine the connotation and conditions of“participatory”，and more comprehensively consider the complex role of technology in social projects.

Key words: technology, light steel, construction, one-dimensionality, participation