【作者简介】李适源，北京大学；周 洁，中国科学院

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2025年第6期

【内容提要】本研究基于 2024 年城乡居民社会态度调查数据，运用潜剖面分析识别出青年社会分层信念的四种模式：强双重信（45%）、温和双重信念（35%）、绩能主导型（16%）和结构主导型（4%）。其中，持双重信念的青年认为绩能性因素（努力、能力等）与结构性因素（家境、关系等）对取得经济成功同等重要，持绩能主导型信念的青年则强调绩能性因素的主导性作用，而持结构主导型信念的青年认为经济成功主要取决于结构性因素。进一步分析发现，青年社会经济地位显著影响其信念模式，持不同信念模式的青年对社会经济发展等方面的态度亦呈现出系统性差异。本研究揭示了青年社会分层信念的多维特征与复合模式，为理解当下青年心态提供了新思路。

【关键词】社会分层信念 / 社会经济地位 / 青年心态 / 潜剖面分析

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V13/I6/208

Stratification Beliefs and Youth Social Mentality:A Latent Profile Analysis of the Recent Social Attitudes Data

Abstract: Drawing on the latest wave of the Social Attitudes Questionnaire of Urban and Rural Residents（2024）, this study employs latent profile analysis（LPA） to examine the multidimensional nature of stratification beliefs among young people.The findings identify four distinct belief patterns: strongly dual beliefs（45%）,moderately dual beliefs（35%）, predominantly meritocratic beliefs（16%）, and predominantly structural beliefs（4%）. Specifically, respondents holding dual beliefs recognize meritocratic（e. g., effort, ability）and structural factors（e. g., family background, social connections）as equally important for economic success. In contrast, respondents adhering to predominantly meritocratic beliefs emphasize the decisive role of meritocratic factors, whereas those with predominantly structural beliefs attribute economic success mainly to structural factors. Further analysis reveals that socioeconomic status significantly shapes belief patterns. Moreover, youth with different stratification beliefs exhibit systematic variations in their attitudes toward social economic development and other factors, with those holding predominantly structural beliefs expressing substantially more pessimistic views. These findings highlight the diverse ways in which young people perceive the social stratification system, providing fresh insights into the broader social mindset.