【作者简介】黄超 华东师范大学社会发展学院, 上海市“中国特色的转型社会学研究”社会科学创新研究基地

【文章来源】《社会》2024年第3期

【内容提要】流动感知是民众对自身社会地位变动的主观感受，是理解社会心态的重要视角。本研究建立了理解流动感知的理论框架，在城乡资源配置制度和户籍制度变迁的背景下论述了流动感知的形成机制，然后基于2010—2021年七期中国综合社会调查（CGSS）的数据分析发现：首先，流动感知的分布向上偏移，大部分居民都有积极的流动感知；其次，流动感知在农村居民、流动人口、户籍移民和城市土著居民四类群体中存在显著差异，农村居民的流动感知最积极，城市土著居民的流动感知最消极；最后，流动感知的城乡差异存在世代效应，年长世代流动感知的城乡差异比年轻世代更明显。本研究从整体视角分析城乡居民的流动感知，为理解制度变迁与社会心态的复杂关系提供了启示。

【关 键 词】流动感知, 社会变迁, 户籍制度, 心态秩序

【基金项目】本研究是国家社会科学基金重大项目“大数据和人工智能发展背景下社会分层状况的新变化”（22&ZD188）的阶段性成果。

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I3/220

Institutional Change and Perceived Mobility of Urban and Rural Residents in China

Abstract: Perceived social mobility is people’s subjective feelings about their own social mobility experience, which is an integral part of social mentality and an important perspective for understanding the Chinese mentality order. Unlike previous studies that reduce perceived mobility to individual psychology， this study delves into the world of meaning and explains the distributional characteristics and formation mechanisms of urban and rural residents’ perceived mobility against the background of changes in the urban-rural resource allocation system and the household registration system. Based on data from the 2010-2021 China General Social Survey（CGSS）， the study finds that：（1） The distribution of perceived mobility is shifted upward， with the majority of residents having positive mobility perceptions， which is related to the general increase in income and living standards brought about by sustained economic growth and upgrading of industrial and occupational structures. （2）There are significant differences in perceived mobility among the four groups： rural residents， floating population， “agricultural to non-agricultural” migrants and urban residents. Perceived mobility is most positive among rural residents， followed by floating population and “agricultural to non-agricultural” migrants， and most negative among urban residents. Perceived mobility is related to the tension between people’s subjective cognitive schemas about social status and mobility and their objective reality.（3）There is an intergenerational effect on the urban-rural difference in perceived mobility， with the urban-rural difference being more pronounced among older generations who have experienced the planned economy than among younger generations. To a certain extent， this generational difference also confirms the impact of institutional change on perceived mobility. This study analyzes urban and rural residents’perceived mobility from a holistic perspective， providing insights into the complex relationship between institutional change and social mentality.

Key words: perceived social mobility, social change, household registration system, mentality order