【作者简介】刘欣，覃文晶，复旦大学社会学系

【文章来源】《社会学研究》2026年第1期

【内容提要】本文整合再生产论和人力资本论提出，在转型社会的二元分层体系里，高等教育水平分层通过赞助性流动再生产公职优势阶层，通过竞争性流动再生产市场优势阶层。对中国综合社会调查数据的分析发现，大学层级越高越有助于毕业生进入优势阶层，尤其是公职优势阶层；非实用专业有助于毕业生进入公职优势阶层，实用专业有利于毕业生进入市场优势阶层。入党在大学层级、专业与公职优势阶层之间具有中介效应，其在大学层级、专业与市场优势阶层之间则无此效应。上述发现表明，中国高等教育系统以不同机制维护着公职—市场二元分层体系及优势阶层的再生产。

【关键词】社会阶层；水平分层；大学层级；专业；二元分层体系

【项目基金】本文为国家高层次人才特殊支持计划领军人才自主选题项目“中国转型社会的社会分层与流动”（W03040046）的阶段性成果。

【全文链接】https://shxyj.ajcass.com/Magazine/show/?id=121908

University Tier or Field of Study? Horizontal Stratification of Higher Education and the Attainment of Advantaged Social Class in China

Abstract: This paper integrates the theory of reproduction and human capital theory to propose that within the dual stratification system of a transitional society, horizontal stratification of higher education reproduces the advantaged class in the public sector through sponsored mobility, and reproduces the advantaged class in the market sector through contest mobility. Analysis of data from the Chinese General Social Survey reveals that higher university tiers are more conducive to entering the advantaged classes, particularly the advantaged class in public sectors. Non practical fields of study facilitate entry into the advantaged class in the public sector, while practical fields of study are advantageous for entering the advantaged class in the marketd sector. Party membership has a mediating effect between university tier, field of study and entry into the advantaged class in public sectors, whereas no such effect is observed for the advantaged class in the market sector. These findings indicate that the Chinese higher education system maintains the dual stratification order of public and market sectors, as well as the reproduction of the advantaged class, through distinct mechanisms.