【作者简介】汪明，华东师范大学社会发展学院博士研究生，主要研究方向为性/别和家庭；黄泽宇,中国人民大学社会与人口学院博士研究生,主要研究方向为性/别研究、医学人类学。

【文章来源】《社会建设》2024年第1期

【内容提要】已有关于防艾组织的研究多强调这类组织在转型过程中的式微，忽视了部分组织在新的制度环境和社会需求下的行动调整。通过对一家名为“逍遥”的防艾组织的研究发现，随着制度环境和社会需求的变化，防艾组织及时转变自身的组织定位及主要工作内容，进而得以在大量同类组织关停的时代依然生存并不断发展。在第一阶段，防艾组织面临的主要制度环境是国际资金项目及其较为宽松的资金管理制度，反对歧视污名与完善相关制度是主要的社会需求，防艾组织的主要工作是开展政策倡导并向社群提供可靠的艾滋病知识。在第二阶段，国家加强对防艾组织的资助与监管，政府成为防艾组织主要的资源来源，扩大检测、尽早发现感染者以及获得准确且隐私得到保障的检测咨询和感染后关怀服务成为主要的社会需求，此时防艾组织的主要工作内容开始偏向提供服务。

【关 键 词】防艾组织；制度环境；社会需求；生存策略

【全文链接】https://shjs.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V11/I1/42

How an AIDS NGO Survives: Based on the Dual Perspective of 'Institutional Environment - Social Needs'

Wang Ming，Huang Zeyu

Abstract: Most of the existing studies on AIDS Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have emphasized the decline of NGOs in the process of transformation, neglecting the adjustment of some of the organizations' strategies in the new institutional environment and social needs. With the changes in the institutional environment and social needs, the AIDS NGO, Xiaoyao changed its organizational positioning and main work content in a timely manner, which enabled it to survive and develop in an era when a large number of similar organizations were shut down. Specifically, in the first stage, the main institutional environment faced by the AIDS NGOs was the international funding program and its relatively loose fund management system, which made the work of the AIDS NGOs more flexible. At that time, China's AIDS prevention and treatment system was not yet perfect, and the rights of people living with HIV were not guaranteed. Therefore, fighting stigma and improving the relevant system were the main social needs, and the main work of AIDS NGOs was to advocate for policies and provide reliable knowledge about AIDS to the community. In the second phase,with the improvement of the relevant systems, the withdrawal of international funding, and the changing situation of the AIDS epidemic, social organizations cooperated with the government and faced an institutional environment inwhich the state strengthened its funding and supervision of the organizations, and the government became the main source of resources for the organizations.With the improvement of the social environment and the popularization of freeantiretroviral treatment, the expansion of testing, the early detection of infectedpersons, and access to accurate and privacy-guaranteed testing counseling andpost-infection care services have become the main social needs, and at this time,the main content of the work of the AIDS NGOs has begun to shift towards theprovision of services.

Keywords: AIDS NGO; institutional environment; social needs; survivalstrategies