【作者简介】纪竞垚，中国宏观经济研究院社会发展研究所副研究员，主要研究方向为人口老龄化、社会政策、经济社会发展规划。

【文章来源】《社会建设》2024年第1期

【内容提要】本文基于整合照料理论，从需求侧和供给侧出发，以老年群体对养老服务资源配置的主观意愿为出发点，结合近年来社会养老服务体系的政策走向和各地对机构、社区、居家养老服务协调发展的创新实践，尝试构建本土化的养老服务资源配置机制模型。在政策上，养老服务资源配置发展思路从“板块式”转向“协调式”；在实践上，北京、上海等地探索出养老服务资源机制协调与服务协调的实践经验。该模型包括资源供给层、资源配置层和资源接收层，资源供给层强调将政府、市场、社会养老服务资源下沉至家庭“最后一公里”；资源配置层包括资源配置模式和资源配置载体两大维度；资源接收层以老年群体为核心，共同为老年人提供综合连续、方便可及的服务。

【关 键 词】机构、社区、居家养老服务；资源配置；机制模型

【基金项目】国家社科基金“居家养老视域下正式照料对家庭照料的影响及政策创新研究”(20CRK015)。

【全文链接】https://shjs.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V11/I1/24

Research on the Resource Allocation Mechanism of Elderly Care Services in China

Ji Jingyao

Abstract: Drawing upon integrated care theory, this paper approaches resource allocation for elderly care services from both demand and supply perspectives. It begins with an exploration of the elderly's preferences for allocating resources toward their care. The study then melds these insights with recent policy trends in the social care system for the elderly and the innovative practices of local governments. The goal is to develop a tailored model for resource allocation in elderly care services that is responsive to local contexts and needs. The study found that, in terms of policy, the allocation of resources for elderly care services has shifted from a 'block-based” approach to a 'coordinated'approach; in practice, Beijing, Shanghai, and other places have explored practical experience in the coordination of elderly service resource mechanisms and service coordination. This model includes a resource supply layer, a resource allocation layer, and a resource receiving layer. The resource supply layer emphasizes sinking government, market, and social elderly service resources to the last mile of the family; the resource allocation layer includes two dimensions: resource allocation mode and resource allocation carrier; the resource receiving layer takes the elderly as the core, and jointly provides comprehensive, continuous, convenient and accessible services for the elderly.

Keywords: institution-based, community-based, and home-based elderly care service; resource allocation; mechanism model