【作者简介】杨琨，河海大学公共管理学院讲师，主要研究方向为社会福利与社会政策；彭华民，南京大学社会学院教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为社会福利、社会工作、社会政策、消费与金融。

【文章来源】《社会建设》2024年第2期

【内容提要】本文以城镇户籍身份居民、农村户籍身份居民和城镇就业农村户籍的混合型户籍身份农民工群体为研究对象，基于2015 年中国综合社会调查（CGSS）数据，采用结构方程模型的多群组比较分析方法，探究三类户籍身份居民再分配态度形成机制的多元差异及其原因。研究发现，三类群体的再分配态度存在显著差异；三类户籍身份居民再分配态度的形成机制呈现多元差异，且主要受到社会阶层因素的影响，表现在受教育程度对再分配态度的直接影响机制上，受教育程度与家庭年收入通过影响中介变量分配公平感对再分配态度的间接影响机制在三类群组间存在显著差异。形成态度和机制差异的重要原因在于户籍身份的调节作用影响，且这种差异不仅基于两种城乡户籍类型，也基于户籍身份混合型。对此，应建立精确群体的需要瞄准机制，建设基于公民身份的组合式普惠型社会保障制度，为共同富裕夯实制度基础。

【关键词】再分配态度；户籍身份；多元差异；社会福利

【基金项目】国家社科基金青年项目“中国居民再分配偏好的影响机制及结构特征研究”（21CSH036）；教育部哲学社会科学重大项目“西方社会福利理论前沿：批判与重构”（19JHQ011）。

【全文链接】https://shjs.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V11/I2/110

Multi-group Comparison Analysis Based on Structural Equation Model

Yang Kun Peng Huamin

Abstract: Based on the data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2015, this study ultilized multi-group comparison analyses of the structural equation model. It focused on three types of hukou identity groups, namelyu urban residents, rural residents, and rural migrant workers with mixed hukou identity (working in an urban area while being registered as rural individuals). and explored their attitudes towards redistribution and the multiple differences in the formation mechanisms of their attitudinal patterns. It was found that there are significant differences in redistributive attitudes among the three groups. Moreover, there were multiple urban-rural differences in the formation mechanisms of attitudes towards redistribution among three types of residents, mainly influenced by social class factors. Specifically, there were differences in the direct impact of educational level on redistributive attitudes, as well as in thed indirect impacts of educational level and family annual income on redistributive attitudes via the mediating effect of perceptions about distributive justice amongd the three groups. The differences in attitudinal patterns and mechanisms depend on the moderating effect of hukou identity. These differences are not only found between urban and rural residents but also within the rural-to-urban migrantd worker group. It is necessary to develop a precise targeted mechanism for specific groups and establish a mixed universal social security system based on citizenship to consolidate the institutional foundations for common prosperity.

Keywords: attitudes towards redistribution; hukou identity; multipledifferences; social welfare