【作者简介】宋月萍，中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为劳动力市场、社会政策；彭可余，中国人民大学社会与人口学院博士研究生,主要研究方向为人口老龄化与社会治理;吴昕阳,中国人民大学社会与人口学院硕士研究生,主要研究方向为社会政策。

【文章来源】《社会建设》2023年第4期

【内容提要】人口老龄化已成为全球性难题，促进老年人就业是积极应对人口老龄化的一个重要组成部分，助推型政策显现出独特优势。助推理念下，通过政策设计和实施，在保留老年人选择自主性的同时，能够推动老年人做出更优的就业选择。日本已形成较为完整的助推型老年就业政策体系，并取得显著成效。日本助推型老年就业政策框架的形成主要包含三个步骤：选择体系设计、选择意愿塑造、选择的可执行，其构建了国家在场、社会成长的有效助推场景，最终实现老年人就业供给端与需求端平衡的助推成效。日本助推型政策的成功也对中国应对老龄化难题，促进老年人就业具有重要借鉴意义：首先应基于受众需求设计就业促进的政策框架，其次创造包容友好的老年人雇佣与就业环境、激活就业意愿与能力，最后调动市场、社会组织、社区、家庭多主体参与，保障老年人做出的最优选择能够实现，政策得到有效执行。

【关键词】人口老龄化；老年人就业；就业政策；助推理论

【基金项目】中国人民大学亚洲研究中心项目“积极老龄化视角下中日老年人口劳动参与的比较研究”(2020030302);国家社科基金重点项目“积极应对人口老龄化视域下低龄老年人就业问题研究”(21ARK004)。

【全文链接】https://shjs.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V10/I4/47

Japan's Employment Policy for the Elderly from the Nudge Perspective: Concept, Framework and Practice Logic

Song Yue-ping Peng Ke-yu Wu Xin-yang

Abstract: The aging population problem has become a common issue in the world.Promoting the employment of the elderly population is one of the major means to actively deal with the population aging.Compared with the traditional embedded policy, the nudge policy shows unique advantages.Under the nudge theory, through policy design and implementation, the elderly can make better employment choices while retaining their autonomy of choice.At present, Japan has formed a relatively complete nudge employment policy system for the elderly and achieved remarkable results.Japan's nudge employment policy framework for the elderly contains three steps: the design of a choice system, the shaping of choice willingness, the enforceability of choice, and finally achieving the success of nudge.The success of Japan's nudge policy also has reference significance for China to deal with the aging population problem and promote the employment of the elderly.First, the policy framework for employment promotion should be designed based on the needs of the audience.Second, an inclusive and friendly employment environment for the elderly should be created, and the employment will and ability should be stimulated.Third, the government should mobilize the participation of the market, social organizations, communities, and families to ensure that the best choices made by the elderly can be implemented and the policies can be effectively implemented.

Keywords: Aging Society; Employment of the Elderly; Employment Policy; Nudge Theory