【作者简介】田文林，中国人民大学国际关系学院教授、区域国别研究院中东研究所所长，tianwenlin89@163.com

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2025年第3期

【内容提要】大多数发展中国家面临的现代化困境与西方主导的世界体系的塑造有关。一方面，先发国家的先发优势会加大后发国家的赶超难度，同时先发国家还竭力阻挠后发国家进行经济赶超。另一方面，世界体系的结构性变迁使后发国家错过“发展窗口期”。在后发国家日渐从被殖民压迫转向政治独立的同时，世界经济结构也日趋从民族经济转向跨国经济，前者使后发国家具备了自主制定发展战略的前提条件，后者则使后发国家的经济主权被不断削弱，面对世界经济体系只能被动应对。中国式现代化的成功表明，内因是后发赶超的关键，外因仍要通过内因起作用。具体来说，一是实现政治独立，二是建立符合多数人利益的社会主义制度，三是在独立自主原则下采取竞争优势战略.

【关键词】发展中国家/ 现代化困境 / 中国式现代化 / 启示

【全文链接】http://xuebao.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V39/I3/14

The Dilemma of Modernization in Developing Countries and the Enlightenment of Chinese Modernization

Abstract: The dilemma of modernization facing most developing countries are closely linked to the Western dominated world system.On the one hand, the advantage of the developed countries makes it difficult for developing countries to catch up, and, in the meantime, those developed nations intentionally hinder the economic development of developing countries.On the other hand, structural changes in the world system make it hard for developing countries to have the“window of development.” As developing countries gradually transit from colonial oppression to political independence, the global economic structure has also shifted from national to transnational economies.While the former provides conditions for developing countries to autonomously formulate developmental strategies, the latter continuously weakens their economic sovereignty, forcing them to passively respond to the global economic system.The success of Chinese modernization demonstrates that internal factors remain the key for latecomers to catch up with the developed economies.Three factors deserve our special attention, which are, achieving political independence, establishing a socialist system that serves the interests of the majority, and adopting a competitive strategy of advantage under the principle of self reliance.