【作者简介】胡荣，厦门大学社会与人类学院教授，主要研究方向为农村社会学、政治社会学；谷婧，厦门大学社会与人类学院博士研究生，主要研究方向为性别研究、教育社会学。

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2023年第3期

【内容提要】利用 2017 年中国综合社会调查（CGSS）数据，本研究从家庭庇护的视角检验了母职、家庭经济资源和代际支持对已婚女性劳动参与的影响以及家庭庇护的运作机制。研究发现：第一，育有多个未成年子女的女性受到显著且更严重的母职惩罚。第二，女性的劳动参与存在家庭庇护效应。女性劳动参与受家庭经济资源的负面影响，并且这一庇护 效应很大程度上取决于夫妻相对收入地位的高低；女性劳动参与和父辈提供的经济支持显著负相关，和父辈提供的生活支持显著正相关。第三， 家庭庇护对育有不同数量未成年子女的女性影响不同，代际生活支持对育有一孩的女性劳动参与更具影响力，家庭经济条件对育有两孩及以上的女性更为重要。本研究认为，家庭是当代女性应对劳动力市场风险的重要资源，女性正是依托家庭庇护机制做出参与就业还是回归家庭的理性决策。

【关键词】女性劳动参与；家庭庇护；母职；家庭经济资源；代际支持

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract522.shtml#

Motherhood, Family Patronage and Women’ Employment

HU Rong,GU Jing

Abstract：Using data from the 2017 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), this paper examines the effects of motherhood, family economic resources, and intergenerational support on the employment of married women, as well as the mechanism of family patronage. The study findings are as follows: Firstly, women with two or more children experience a significant and intense motherhood penalty. Secondly, there are family patronage effects on women’s employment. Family economic resources negatively affect women’s employment, with the effect being dependent largely on the relative income status of the couple. Concerning parental support, women’s employment is negatively correlated with economic support, while positively correlated with care support. Lastly, the effects of family patronage vary based on the number of children a woman has. For women with only one child, intergenerational care support has a greater impact on their employment, whereas family economic status is more important for women with two or more children. These findings suggest that family is a vital resource for women in managing labor market risks. The motherhood dilemma is negotiated by resorting to family patronage as a rational decision to either work or return to the family.

Keywords: women’s employment, family patronage, motherhood, family eco⁃nomic resources, intergenerational support