【作者简介】李婷，中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心教授，主要研究方向为婚姻家庭转变、人口与数字社会；钟晓慧（通讯作者），中山大学中国公共管理研究中心、政治与公共事务管理学院副教授，主要研究方向为家庭变迁、家庭政策与社会福利；靳永爱，中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心副教授，主要研究方向为生育转变、家庭财富不平等。

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2024年第1期

【内容提要】本研究基于三期中国老龄社会追踪调查数据，考察了家庭双向代际支持中的性别悖论，即女儿相对于儿子向父母提供的支持更多但父母却给予儿子更多支持的现象。本研究通过建立家庭内部父母与子女的多元情境动机模型来解释该现象：女儿和父母倾向于形成情感驱动与即时交换相混合的代际支持模式，具有日常性质；而儿子与父母倾向于形成文化规范和延时交换相混合的模式，具有托底性质。这两组模式的复合效应导致了群体层面的性别悖论。通过对性别悖论的探索，本研究进一步揭示了我国剧烈社会转型背景下个体与家庭之间的张力，呈现出中国家庭向个体化转型过程中既受制于传统社会结构，同时也积极开展主动性文化实践的复杂面貌。

【关 键 词】双向代际支持；性别悖论；多主体多元动机模型

【基金项目】北京市社科基金项目“中国的婚姻模式变迁及其社会人口学后果”（21DTR022）

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V12/I1/96

Treat Unequally? Gender Paradox of Two-Way Intergenerational Support in Chinese Families

LI Ting，ZHONGXiaohui，JIN Yong’ai

Abstract：We used data from three waves of the China Longitudinal Aging and Society Social Survey to investigate the gender paradox of two-way intergenerational support in Chinese families. That is, daughters provide more support to their parents than sons, but parents are more supportive of their sons. To explain the phenomenon,we established a multi-situational motivation model for parents and children within the family: daughters and parents tend to form a mixed intergenerational support pattern driven by emotional motives and immediate exchanges, characterized by daily interactions; whereas sons and parents lean towards forming a pattern that combines cultural norms and delayed exchanges, serving as a safety net. The compound effect of these two patterns leads to the gender paradox at the group level. By exploring the gender paradox, this paper further reveals the tension between the individual and family under the drastic social transformation in China, illustrating the complex aspects of Chinese families transitioning towards individualization, being constrainedby traditional social structures and actively engaging in proactive cultural practices.

Keywords:two-way intergenerational support, gender paradox, multi-situationalmotivation model