【作者简介】董浩，北京大学光华管理学院社会研究中心、北京大学武汉人工智能研究院

【文章来源】《社会学研究》2026年第1期

【内容提要】本文关注1980年以来夫妻年龄和教育地位的匹配模式，运用rank-rank相关系数和“交换指数”等前沿方法，分析两项全国代表性调查中64325对夫妻的数据发现：尽管结婚年龄逐年升高，但年龄匹配的主流模式持续稳定为丈夫比妻子大0~3岁的同龄婚。同龄婚、男大婚和女大婚三类年龄匹配模式中的夫妻教育匹配水平均有一定上升，同龄婚的教育匹配水平长期高于男大婚和女大婚。男大婚和女大婚均存在年龄—教育地位交换，且程度渐有加强，但女大婚中年龄差距的异质性较大，反映了年龄与教育作为择偶条件的性别差异和复杂性。这些发现有助于理解我国婚姻家庭与社会分层的长期演变。

【关键词】年龄；教育；婚姻匹配；地位交换；长期趋势

【全文链接】https://shxyj.ajcass.com/Magazine/show/?id=121910

Chinese Assortative Marriages by Spousal Age and Education: Continuities and Changes Since 1980

Abstract: This study examines trends in assortative marriages based on spousal agel and status in China since 1980. Using new methods such as rank-rank correlation and the Exchange Index, it analyzes data from 64,325 couples drawn from two nationally representative surveys. While the mean age at marriage has inereased over time, the dominant age-matching pattern has steadily remained age-homogamous marriage, characterized by an age gap of 0 3 years between spouses. All three age-matching types of marriages show some upward trend in educational homogamy; however, age homogamous marriages exhibit a higher degree of educational homogamy than either age-hypergamous or age-hypogamous marriages. Evidence suggests that the existence of status exchange between age and education in both age hypergamous and age hypogamous marriages, with the latter showing greater heterogeneity. This pattern underscores the gendered nuances and complexities in how age and education functiond as mate selection criteria. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the long term evolution of marriage, family, and social stratification.