【作者简介】张彦 西南大学国家治理学院社会学与社会工作系;李汉林 中国社会科学院社会景气研究中心

【文章来源】《社会》2024年第2期

【内容提要】总体性社会情绪主要是指弥散在不同社会群体之中、容易形成共鸣并分享的一种相对一致的群体表达，是人们在社会认知、社会认同以及行为取向基础上形成的一种相对稳定的信念、精神和价值观。总体性社会情绪主要由社会认知、社会认同与行为取向组成，并通过满意度、社会信任与社会信心实现操作化，其功能则主要在于社会整合与结构维持。总体性社会情绪嵌入社会的结构之中，其结构的二重性表现为在总体性社会情绪引导下的社会行为既维持结构，又改变结构；对人们的行为有制约作用，同时也是行为的前提与条件。国家治理的过程实质上就是对这种总体性社会情绪的建构、解构和重构。通过总体性社会情绪来认识时代与社会，并将其作为国家治理政策工具的努力，具有重要的学术研究和政策启示价值。

【关 键 词】国家治理, 总体性社会情绪, 嵌入, 结构与功能, 结构二重性

【基金项目】本文为国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国社会景气与社会信心研究：理论与方法”（18ZDA164）结题成果的一部分。

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I2/1

General Social Emotions from the Perspective of National Governance

Abstract: The paper explores general social emotions in society in terms of its concept and methodology，operationalization and influencing factors. Herein，general social emotions is regarded as a relatively consistent collective expression that is dispersed among different social groups and can easily resonate and be shared. It is relatively stable beliefs，spirits and values formed on the basis of social cognition，social identity and behavioral orientation. The structure of general social emotions is mainly composed of social cognition，identity and behavioural orientation and is operated through satisfaction，social trust and social confidence，while the function of general social emotions is mainly represented by social integration and structural maintenance. General social emotions is always embedded in social structure. The duality of structure is manifested in the fact that social behaviors guided by general social emotions not only maintain but also change structure. It has a restrictive effect on human behavior and also serves as premises and conditions of behavior. The paper also discusses the research methodology of general social emotions from three aspects of comparison，micro-meso-macro connections，and deduction from individuality to collectivity. The paper emphasises that by accurate grasps of general social emotions，national governance can avoid superficiality at the micro-level and gain true insights of people’s subjective feelings. At the macro level，it can closely link individuals，the state and society，and eventually integrate and embed itself in social structure. The process of governance is the construction，deconstruction and reconstruction of such general social emotions. The effort to understand our time and society through general social emotions and use it as a policy tool for national governance has important academic research and policy inspiration value.

Key words: national governance, general social emotions, embedding, structure and function, duality of structure