【作者简介】宋锴业，山东大学政治学与公共管理学院、山东大学社会治理研究基地；徐雅倩，中国海洋大学国际事务与公共管理学院

【文章来源】《社会学研究》2026年第1期

【内容提要】人工智能算法重构社会治理是一项重大时代性议题。本文基于对警务部门、平台企业、风险算法工程师的参与式观察和深度访谈，分析算法重构社会治理的逻辑与影响。研究发现，警务部门通过算法构建组织外部的关系结构，同时通过算法集约化实现组织内部的权力边界重塑，还借助算法提高对风险的全面感知能力。这带来的深层影响是，一方面，警务部门特别是基层警察的隐性知识和能力容易被算法替代，警务算法取代了其他更广泛的解决社会问题的方法；另一方面，算法的全面扩展带来“信息过描”，这在实践中容易转化为各种形式的优先排序。

【关键词】人工智能；算法治理；警务部门；社会治理

【项目基金】本文系国家社会科学基金青年项目“数字智能背景下中国政府平台组织的形成机理及功能机制研究”（23CGL052）的阶段性成果。

【全文链接】https://shxyj.ajcass.com/Magazine/show/?id=121906

How Can Artificial Intelligence Algorithms Restructure Social Governance? An Empirical Study Based on the Algorithmic Operations of Chinese Policing Departments

Abstract: The restructuring of social governance through artificial intelligence algorithms is a significant topic of our time. Based on participatory observation and in-depth interviews of policing departments, platform enterprises, and risk algorithm engineers, this paper analyzes the logic and impact of algorithmic restructuring on social govermance. It finds that policing departments utilize algorithms to construct relational structures outside their organizations, and further achieve the reshaping of internal power boundaries through algorithmic intensification. They also use algorithms to enhance their comprehensive risk perception capabilities. The profound implications are twofold; on one hand, the tacit knowledge and capabilities ofd policing departments, particularly those of front line officers, are easily replaced by algorithms, and policing algorithms supplant other broader methods of solving social problems. On the other hand, the comprehensive expansion of algorithms leads to "over-profiling”, which in practice tends to translate into various forms of prioritization.