【作者简介】马丹 北京市社会科学院社会学所

【文章来源】《社会》2024年第3期

【内容提要】本文以我国自雇卡车司机的志愿服务为例，结合其劳动实践探讨志愿服务的多维动力机制。研究发现，卡车司机志愿服务的动力机制是一个由微观劳动体制、中观组织化过程与宏观社会地位感知推动的多维框架，展现出从职业群体内部的互助救援扩展至外部社会公益的动态社会过程。其中，原子化劳动的“孤岛效应”与互帮互助是该机制的客观基础，公益组织内外的组织化过程与互动为之提供了制度保障和文化支撑，底层地位感知以及由其引发的承认需求则构成了持续的价值驱动。本文认为，只有从多维、动态的过程性视角出发，并使用纵贯性的研究方法，才能理解志愿服务的发端与持续。

【关 键 词】卡车司机, 志愿服务, 多维动力机制, 原子化劳动, 承认

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I3/27

Mutual Help，Organization and Recognition：Research on Multi-Dimensional Dynamic Mechanism of Volunteer Service in Labor Practice—A Case Study of Self-Employed Truck Drivers

Abstract: Taking the volunteer service practices of self-employed truck drivers in China as an example，this paper explores the multidimensional dynamic mechanism of volunteer service from the perspective of labor. It concludes that the dynamic mechanism of truck drivers’ volunteer service is a multidimensional framework driven by the micro labor system，the meso organizational process and the macro social status perception，showing a dynamic social process that extends from mutual assistance within the professional group to external social welfare. Among them，the “island effect” of atomized labor and mutual assistance are the objective basis of the mechanism，the organizational process and interaction within and outside the public welfare system provide institutional safeguards and cultural support，and the low status perception and the need for recognition constitute a continuous value drive. This paper argues that the expansion of the multidimensional dynamic mechanism framework based on labor practice shows the processual characteristics of the dynamic mechanism of volunteer service. For most of the volunteer services that last for many times，the dynamic mechanism not only exists before the volunteer activities，but is also reproduced continuously in the process of volunteer services，and accumulates in the results of volunteer services to become the driving force of the next volunteer activity. The transportation volunteer activities of truck drivers also challenge the definition of unpaid volunteer services，and shake the simplistic dualism of “labor” and “work”. More importantly，this paper introduces “recognition”，a core concept of modern social critical theory，into the empirical research of sociology，so that the theory of recognition gains the vitality from social reality. For truck driver volunteers，recognition not only becomes the driving force of their sustainability，but the contempt for not being recognized also promotes their determination to“do public service for recognition”，thus highlighting the social integration connotation of recognition.

Key words: truck drivers, volunteer service, multidimensional dynamic mechanism, atomized labor, recognition