【作者简介】陈佳俊，浙江财经大学法学院；毛丹，浙江大学社会学系。

【文章来源】《社会》2023年第4期。

【内容提要】1949-1956年的中国社会组织体系既不是西方社会中的“第三部门”，也不是传统民间社团的集合，而是由党领导的人民群众团体、重新登记的社会团体、非登记的居民群众互助组织这三类广义的社会组织构成，是在国家型构社会组织、社会精英配合、社会成员在社会边缘事务上自行填空的力量所驱动形成的适配政权建设的特定类型。要研究当代社会组织改革发展问题，需要注意这个起点及其持续影响。

【关键词】社会组织体系；国家型构；社会配合；居民自助

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I4/185

The Construction of China Social Organization System From1949 to 1956

CHEN Jiajun & MAO Dan

Abstract：Between 1949 and 1956，China built a social organization system that isneither the so-called “third sector”in Western countries nor a collection of civilassociations. It is composed of three types of social organizations in broad sense：mass organizations led by the CCP，social organizations received re-accreditation，and non-registered resident mutual aid organizations. It is a specific type ofadaptive political power construction that is driven by the joint-action of threeforces：state-structured social organizations，social elite collaboration，and socialmembers filling in the gap on marginal affairs. Among the three, the power and roleof state-structured social organizations are the most evident and powerful，and theydetermine the space and strength of the latter two forces. Elite collaborative socialorganizations，except mass organizations，play a moderate role，while residentorganizations handling periphery social issues are in the weakest position. In China，the social organization system created in this way is highly compatible with nationbuilding but weak in managing social affairs. In the following decades，the Chinesesocial organization system has witnessed noticeable changes. The three types ofsocial organizations have all been expanded and the allocation of strength has alsochanged. However，there are always continuous or persistent characteristics that donot change，such as the CCP’s leadership over the social organization system，therule of administrative regulations and the unity of all social elements for the nationbuilding. The above-discussed historical process shows that the future reform ofChina’s social organization system will keep its focus on activating the socialfunction of the three types of organizations while maintaining the tradition of aunified society under the state and regulation of social organizations.

Key words：social organization system，the state structuring，social cooperation，residents’mutual aid