【作者简介】叶晨阳，日本庆应义塾大学法学研究科。

【文章来源】《社会》2023年第4期。

【内容提要】自 20 世纪 70 年代以后，福柯逐渐发展出一套有别于过往基于“压抑假说”之权力观的新权力理论。尽管这种权力理论具有强烈的福柯色彩，但是通过这一时期的关键词“规范”，我们仍能清楚把握到康吉莱姆对福柯的影响。实际上，康吉莱姆所厘定的作为内在的、肯定性的生命形式的“规范”概念及其使用方法，不仅为福柯提供了摆脱“压抑假说”，构建肯定的权力理论的可能性条件，而且在福柯对自身权力理论的不足进行克服时，与之产生了共鸣。

【关 键 词】福柯；康吉莱姆；规范；正常化；权力

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I4/129

The Formation of a Positive Theory of Power：A DiscussionCentred around the Relationship between Foucault and Canguilhem

YE Chenyang

Abstract：After the 1970s，Foucault gradually developed a new theory of powerthat differed from the previous one based on the “repressive hypothesis.”This newtheory emphasises the productive and positive character of power，stronglyreflecting Foucault’s distinctive perspective. However，it is evident thatCanguilhem’s influence on Foucault can be discerned through the key term“norm”in Foucault’s writing from this period.

It is widely acknowledged that Foucault recognized that modern societies notonly rely on sovereign powers that rule through law but also hinge upon other formsof power that govern through norms. Despite nuances in their respective usages，Canguilhem’s concept of“norm”as an immanent and positive form of life providedFoucault with the conceptual tool to characterize these modern forms of powergoverning through norms from a positive perspective. This characterization includedboth the disciplinary power over individuals and the biopower over populations，manifesting through active and positive selection and cultivation of specific values.While repressive effects were possible in this process, they were fundamentally ofsecondary importance.

Furthermore，as Foucault constructed the normative foundations and valuejudgments in his own theory of power，there was a continued resonance withCanguilhem’s theory of normativity. Just as Canguilhem’s “norm of norms”forjudging the strengths and weaknesses of normativity was the functional criterion ofwhether normativity could continue to produce norms， Foucault’s normativejudgment rested on the functional judgment of whether power relations couldremain fluid.

Key words：Foucault，Canguilhem，norm，normalization，power