【作者简介】曹金羽 深圳大学社会学系

【文章来源】《社会》2024年第2期

【内容提要】20世纪30年代，巴塔耶与卡约瓦、莱里斯等在巴黎成立了“社会学学院”，致力于研究社会存在所有可能的表现形式——尤其是神圣形式，从而复兴了涂尔干学派有关神圣社会的讨论。通过考察社会学学院的思想实践，本文试图建立一种理解神圣社会的谱系，并在此基础上思考如下问题：从涂尔干到社会学学院，神圣性的内涵发生了何种变化？这种变化回应了何种社会现实？神圣性对于现代社会有何种意义和价值？本文指出，社会学学院一方面继承和推进了涂尔干对神圣社会的思考；另一方面，为了回应社会与政治危机，学院又以更具动态性的进路恢复了神圣性的暧昧属性，使神圣性以更加激进的形式介入社会秩序的营造与维持，从而既为物化与压制性的生活找寻可能的解脱路径，也为社会的团结与共通提供了新形式。

【关 键 词】涂尔干, 巴塔耶, 神圣社会, 社会团结, 共通体

【基金项目】本文获得教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“当代中国宗教群体研究”（22JJD190013）、深圳大学高水平大学三期建设青年冲高创新团队项目（24QNCG08）资助。

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I2/183

The Genealogy of Sacred Society: From Durkheim to Collège de Sociologie

Abstract: In the 1930s， Bataille， Caillois and Leiris founded the “Collège de Sociologie” in Paris， dedicated to the study of all possible manifestations of social existence-especially the sacred forms， thus reviving the Durkheim school’s discussion of the sacred society. By examining the theoretical practice of the Collège de Sociologie， this paper attempts to establish a genealogy of the sacred society， and on this basis， to consider the following questions: How has the connotation of the sacred changed from Durkheim to the Collège de Sociologie? What social reality does this change respond to? What is the significance and value of sacredness in modern society? This paper points out that on the one hand， the Collège de Sociologie has inherited and advanced Durkheim’s thinking on the sacred society； on the other hand， in response to the social and political crises， it has restored the ambiguous attributes of the sacred in a more dynamic way， making the sacred intervene in the creation and maintenance of social order in a more radical form. Among them， Bataille changes the single assumption of the sacred by distinguishing between “left sacredness” and “right sacredness” while emphasizing the radicalism and transgression of “left sacredness”， thus surpassing Durkheim’s relatively conservative political position. In contrast， Caillois seeks a dynamic balance between respect and transgression， transforming Batailles’ Dionysian spirit into Luciferian revolutionary heroism in order to maintain the lasting dynamics of the power of the sacred. Leiris breaks through the framework of the sacred-profane dichotomy with the sacrality of everyday life. They all emphasize the process of the sacred shifting from homogeneous collectives to heterogeneous individuals， in which the self can break the alienated and oppressive social order with its own will and sovereignty， so as to achieve true freedom and commonality and revitalize the social body.

Key words: Durkheim, Bataille, sacred society, social solidarity, community