【作者简介】陈柙兵 法国索邦大学社会学与计算科学系

【文章来源】《社会》2023年第6期

【内容提要】齐美尔的《陌生人》短文启发了多种路径的社会学研究，但聚焦到陌生人本身并将其严格置于社会化形式下的探讨并不多见。本文旨在从纯粹社会学的设置与齐美尔的文化观入手，重新挖掘“陌生人”形式的完整内涵。陌生人作为一种形式实现了对经验个体的超越，但它本身的存续需要三个先决条件的支持，这三个先决条件在社会生活中形成了一幅作为文化载体的整体知识图景，而这并不是陌生人的形式可以单独表达的，本文尝试用“陌生性”形式的概念来描述它。然而，陌生人与陌生性的形式并不是机械的结构式组合，它们最终需要有机地在“陌生”的统合形式中延展结合，只有在这里，“陌生人”形式下的个体性超越才能得到充分的理解和体验。

【关 键 词】齐美尔, 陌生人, 陌生性, 陌生, 形式社会学

【全文链接】https://www.society.shu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I6/125

Strange as a Form of Socialization: A Revisit to Georg Simmel's Stranger Theory

Abstract: Georg Simmel's essay The Stranger has inspired a variety of sociological studies, especially as a classic example to dissect Simmel's overall thought, and as a theoretical foundation for the development of the sociology of stranger, spatial sociology and other topics. However, there are few studies that focus on the concept of stranger itself and place it strictly under the form of socialisation advocated by Simmel. This paper aims to revisit the comprehensive connotation of the Stranger starting from Simmel's sociological setting and his cultural outlook. The Stranger, as a form, transcends individual experience and emerges as a distinct relationship formed within social interactions between subjects. But its own existence and development require the support of three a priori conditions, which run through all social levels from the micro to the macro, and ultimately form a comprehensive picture of savoir as a cultural carrier in social life. Within the framework of pure sociology, the three a priori conditions of the stranger form are expressed in the social space, existed also in Simmel's view of culture, as an objective culture constructed through interactions among individuals who are non-specific subjects. These prerequisites, however, can not be expressible in the stranger form alone. This paper attempts to describe them using the concept of Strangeness and construct a relational network within the social space factors discussed by Simmel. More crucially, Stranger and Strangeness do not exist separately, nor are they mechanical structural combinations. They ultimately need to be organically interconnected within a related yet more integrated form of socialization, which this paper refers to as the form of Strange. Only in so doing can the individual transcendence under the form of Stranger be fully understood and experienced.

Key words: G. Simmel, Stranger, Strangeness, Strange, Formal Sociology