【作者简介】张巍卓，中国人民大学社会学理论与方法研究中心副教授，主要研究方向为社会理论、中西思想比较。

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2024年第3期

【内容提要】成仿吾是中国社会主义高等教育事业的奠基人，从研究的重要性上来说，重温他的精神遗产，关系到对中国社会主义教养源头的追寻。他早年致力于创造社的文学批评事业，虽不用“社会学”的说法，却在有意识地探索一种从哲学认识论转到社会科学的思维方式，以此陶铸现代国人的人格。成仿吾的精神探索可概括为一场“辩证法的社会学启蒙”历程。此后他翻译马克思主义社会科学经典著作、从事革命和社会主义教育事业，其实是他从一开始就怀着社会意识开展文学事业的自然结果。他最初的文学批评探索，就其内在的社会学意识而言，已经为他未来接受马克思主义做了铺垫。

【关键词】文学批评 / 表现 / 文学革命 / 革命文学 / 社会教育

【基金项目】中国人民大学科学研究基金项目（22XNLG09）。

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V12/I3/122

Cheng Fangwu: The Sociological Enlightener of Dialectics

ZHANG Weizhuo

Abstract: Cheng Fangwu is the founder of socialist higher education in China.From the perspective of research importance, revisiting his spiritual heritage is related to the search for the source of Chinese socialist education. In his early years,he devoted himself to literary criticism. Although he did not use the term“sociology”, he consciously explored a way of thinking from philosophical epistemology to social science to mold modern Chinese people’s personalities. His spiritual exploration can be summarized as a sociological enlightenment of dialectics. After that, he translated classic works of Marxist social science and engaged in revolutionary and socialist education. In fact, it is a natural result of the social consciousness with which he started his literary career from the very beginning. His initial exploration of literary criticism, in terms of its sociological consciousness, paved the way for his future acceptance of Marxism.

Keywords: literary criticism, expression, literary revolution, revolutionary literature, social education